2026 Federal Spending Bill: Defense, Housing, Health Care, and Foreign Aid

What to know

• The bill provides roughly $27.2 billion to build new Navy ships, including nuclear submarines, destroyers, and aircraft carriers.
• Medicare gains new coverage for multi-cancer blood screening tests starting in 2029, and several telehealth rules are extended through 2027 or 2028.
• Pharmacy benefit managers must pass 100 percent of drug rebates back to health plans and face new detailed reporting requirements.
• About $38.4 billion goes to renewing rental assistance vouchers for low-income families, with another $8.3 billion for public housing operations and repairs.
• Foreign aid rules include at least $3.3 billion in military financing for Israel, $1 billion for Taiwan defense cooperation, and $150 million to fight fentanyl trafficking from abroad.
• The bill cancels about $4.7 billion in unspent defense funds and about $1.94 billion in unspent State Department and foreign aid funds to reduce the federal deficit.

Heads up

20 buried provisions

Provisions we flagged do not match the bill's stated purpose, or repeat language from bills that did not pass on their own.

Section by section

1. Payment to widow of a deceased Member of Congress

   Section 6 directs a one-time payment of $174,000 to Jill Marie LaMalfa. She is the widow of Douglas L. LaMalfa, who served as a U.S. Representative from California and died while in office. This type of payment is a long-standing congressional tradition. It gives the family of a member who dies in office roughly one year of the member's salary.

   Who this affects

   Jill Marie LaMalfa, the widow of the late Representative Douglas L. LaMalfa of California. No other individuals are affected by this section.

   Tradeoff

   The payment provides financial support to the family of a member who died in office, but it draws on public funds.

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   For payment to Jill Marie LaMalfa, widow of Douglas L. LaMalfa, late a Representative from the State of California, $174,000.

2. Counter-ISIS Train and Equip Fund

   This section gives $342 million to the Defense Department to fight ISIS. The money stays available through September 30, 2027. It can be used to train, equip, and pay stipends to foreign fighters and groups who help counter ISIS and its allies. Before getting help, each person or group must be vetted. That vetting checks for ties to terrorist groups or Iran. Recipients must also promise to respect human rights. The Defense Secretary must tell Congress at least 15 days before spending any of this money. Quarterly reports are required on how the money is used. Foreign governments, including Iraq, can contribute funds or equipment to the effort. The U.S. cannot use this money to buy or give out portable anti-aircraft missiles. Unused equipment can be kept by the U.S. military with notice to Congress.

   Who this affects

   Foreign security forces, irregular fighters, and individuals who work against ISIS. U.S. taxpayers fund the program.

   Tradeoff

   The fund enables quick military support against ISIS but requires vetting, congressional notice, and reporting to provide oversight.

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   such funds shall be available to the Secretary of Defense in coordination with the Secretary of State, to provide assistance, including training; equipment; logistics support, supplies, and services; stipends; infrastructure repair and renovation; construction for facility fortification and humane treatment; and sustainment, to foreign security forces, irregular forces, groups, or individuals participating, or preparing to participate in activities to counter the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

3. Navy shipbuilding and vessel procurement

   This section sets aside about $27.2 billion for the Navy to build, buy, and convert ships. The money covers specific vessels. These include two Columbia Class nuclear submarines and advance parts for more, two aircraft carriers (CVN-80 and CVN-81), Virginia Class submarines, DDG-51 destroyers, a new FFG frigate, a new FF(X) frigate, a Medium Landing Ship, oilers, and other support craft. Funds are available through September 30, 2030, and some work can continue after that date if needed to finish ships. None of the money can be used to build major ship parts or whole vessels in foreign shipyards.

   Who this affects

   U.S. Navy shipbuilders, defense contractors, and military personnel who will operate the new vessels. Taxpayers fund the purchases.

   Tradeoff

   A large investment in naval fleet capacity comes at significant cost to the federal budget.

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   Columbia Class Submarine, $3,928,828,000; Columbia Class Submarine (AP), $5,350,766,000; Carrier Replacement Program (CVN-80), $1,046,700,000; ... In all: $27,151,616,000, to remain available for obligation until September 30, 2030

4. Defense fund transfers and reprogramming limits

   Section 8005 lets the Secretary of Defense move up to $6 billion between Defense Department accounts during the fiscal year. The Secretary needs approval from the Office of Management and Budget before moving any money. The money can only be moved for higher-priority needs that were not foreseen when the budget was set. Congress must be told promptly about every transfer. No money can be moved to a program that Congress already turned down. All requests to move money from multiple accounts must be submitted before June 30, 2026.

   Who this affects

   The Department of Defense and the Office of Management and Budget are directly affected. Congress is notified of all transfers and retains oversight.

   Tradeoff

   Allowing transfers gives the military flexibility to respond to unexpected needs, but it reduces Congress's direct control over how specific funds are spent.

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   Upon determination by the Secretary of Defense that such action is necessary in the national interest, the Secretary may, with the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, transfer not to exceed $6,000,000,000 of working capital funds of the Department of Defense or funds made available in this Act to the Department of Defense for military functions (except military construction) between such appropriations or funds or any subdivision thereof

5. Restrictions on multi-year defense contracts

   Section 8010 sets rules for when the Pentagon can sign multi-year purchase contracts. Any multi-year contract over $20 million must be reported to Congress at least 30 days before signing. Contracts over $500 million need specific approval in law. If a contract is canceled, Congress must get 30 days notice. The Pentagon must use a cost comparison to show a multi-year deal is cheaper than buying year by year. The section also lists specific weapons systems, such as the Tomahawk Cruise Missile and PATRIOT missiles, that can use multi-year contracts for up to five or seven years. Before signing some of those contracts, the Secretary of Defense must certify in writing that doing so serves national security.

   Who this affects

   The Department of Defense and defense contractors seeking long-term supply agreements. Taxpayers are affected because the rules are meant to control spending and prevent large unfunded commitments.

   Tradeoff

   Multi-year contracts can lower costs through bulk buying, but they lock in spending commitments and limit Congress's ability to adjust funding later.

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   no part of any appropriation made available to the Department of Defense for this fiscal year or any prior fiscal year shall be available to initiate multiyear procurement contracts for any systems or component thereof if the value of the multiyear contract would exceed $500,000,000 unless specifically provided in this Act

6. Housing units for Native American tribes from Air Force bases

   This section lets the Air Force give away unused military housing units at no cost to recognized Native American tribes. The bases involved are Grand Forks, Malmstrom, Mountain Home, Ellsworth, and Minot Air Force Bases. The tribes receiving housing must be located in Nevada, Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Oregon, Minnesota, or Washington. Requests go through a program called Operation Walking Shield, which sorts out any competing requests among tribes before sending them to the Air Force. Once a housing unit is transferred, it must be removed from the base within a reasonable time set by the Air Force Secretary. Only tribes on the federal government's official list of recognized tribes qualify.

   Who this affects

   Federally recognized Native American tribes in eight western and northern states. Air Force bases that have excess military housing units.

   Tradeoff

   The Air Force gives away housing it no longer needs at no financial cost to itself, but it also receives no payment in return for the transferred property.

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   the Secretary of the Air Force may convey at no cost to the Air Force, without consideration, to Indian tribes located in the States of Nevada, Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Oregon, Minnesota, and Washington relocatable military housing units located at Grand Forks Air Force Base, Malmstrom Air Force Base, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Ellsworth Air Force Base, and Minot Air Force Base that are excess to the needs of the Air Force.

7. Cancellation of previously approved defense spending

   Section 8046 cancels, or 'rescinds,' money that Congress had already approved in earlier defense spending bills. The cancellations cover many military accounts, including Navy shipbuilding, Army weapons, Air Force aircraft and missiles, Space Force procurement, and research programs. The largest single cancellation is about $1.27 billion from the Navy's FFG Frigate shipbuilding program for the 2024 funding year. In total, more than $4.7 billion is pulled back across roughly 27 accounts. None of the money being canceled was originally set aside as an emergency requirement.

   Who this affects

   Military branches and defense programs that had unspent funds from prior years, including Navy shipbuilding, Army procurement, Air Force and Space Force programs, and the Defense Health Program.

   Tradeoff

   Canceling unspent funds reduces future defense spending and lowers the federal deficit, but it also removes money that was previously planned for military equipment and research.

   Show the exact bill text

   ``Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy: FFG-Frigate'', 2024/2028, $1,271,572,000

8. Grants to the USO and Red Cross

   This section sets aside $49 million for the Department of Defense. Of that amount, $24 million goes to the United Service Organizations (USO) and $25 million goes to the American Red Cross. However, the money is only released if the Secretary of Defense decides it serves the national interest. The Secretary must make that determination before any funds are given out.

   Who this affects

   The USO and the American Red Cross would receive the grants. Service members and their families, who rely on these organizations for support, could also be affected.

   Tradeoff

   The grants provide dedicated funding to two well-known military support organizations, but the money only flows if the Secretary of Defense approves it, leaving the outcome uncertain.

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   $49,000,000 is hereby appropriated to the Department of Defense: Provided, That upon the determination of the Secretary of Defense that it shall serve the national interest, the Secretary shall make grants in the amounts specified as follows: $24,000,000 to the United Service Organizations and $25,000,000 to the Red Cross.

9. Funding for Israeli missile defense programs

   This section sets aside $500 million from Defense Department procurement and research funds for joint U.S.-Israel missile defense programs. Of that total, $60 million goes to the Iron Dome system, which stops short-range rockets. Another $127 million goes to the Short Range Ballistic Missile Defense program, which also covers cruise missile research. An extra $40 million supports building those systems in both countries. One hundred million dollars goes to the Arrow 3 upper-tier defense system, with all of it used for joint production in the U.S. and Israel. The remaining $173 million goes to the Arrow System Improvement Program, including a long-range detection system for ground and air use.

   Who this affects

   U.S. defense contractors and workers who produce these systems, and the Government of Israel, which receives the defense equipment.

   Tradeoff

   The funding strengthens a shared missile defense capability with Israel, but it uses $500 million that could otherwise go to other U.S. defense programs.

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   $500,000,000 shall be for the Israeli Cooperative Programs: Provided, That of this amount, $60,000,000 shall be for the Secretary of Defense to provide to the Government of Israel for the procurement of the Iron Dome defense system to counter short-range rocket threats

10. Blocking funds for companies with unpaid federal taxes

    Section 8101 says no federal money from this or any other law can go to a corporation that owes unpaid federal taxes. The ban covers contracts, grants, loans, loan guarantees, and agreements called memorandums of understanding. The tax debt must have been formally assessed. All court and agency appeals must be used up or expired. And the company must not be making timely payments on the debt. The ban only applies if the federal agency giving the money already knows about the unpaid taxes. There is one exception: if the agency looked at suspending or blocking the company from federal work and decided that step was not needed to protect the government's interests, the ban does not apply.

    Who this affects

    Corporations with unresolved, unpaid federal tax debts that seek federal contracts, grants, or loans. Federal agencies must check tax status before awarding funds.

    Tradeoff

    The rule protects taxpayer money from going to tax-delinquent companies, but the exception lets agencies waive the ban if they decide suspension or debarment is not necessary.

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    None of the funds made available by this or any other Act may be used to enter into a contract, memorandum of understanding, or cooperative agreement with, make a grant to, or provide a loan or loan guarantee to any corporation that has any unpaid Federal tax liability that has been assessed, for which all judicial and administrative remedies have been exhausted or have lapsed, and that is not being paid in a timely manner pursuant to an agreement with the authority responsible for collecting such tax liability, provided that the applicable Federal agency is aware of the unpaid Federal tax liability.

11. Ban on funds for Rosoboronexport (Russian arms company)

    Section 8114 blocks the Defense Department from doing business with Rosoboronexport, a Russian state arms company, or any of its subsidiaries. No contracts, agreements, grants, loans, or loan guarantees are allowed. The Defense Secretary can waive this ban only if three conditions are met: Rosoboronexport stops sending weapons to Syria, Russian forces leave Ukraine, and Russia stops trying to destabilize eastern Ukraine. The Secretary must also consult with the Secretary of State and the Director of National Intelligence before granting a waiver. If a waiver is granted, the Defense Department's Inspector General must review it and report the findings to Congress within 90 days.

    Who this affects

    The Defense Department and its contractors are blocked from working with Rosoboronexport. The waiver rules involve the governments of Russia, Syria, and Ukraine.

    Tradeoff

    The ban limits cooperation with a major Russian arms supplier, but the waiver process gives the executive branch some flexibility if doing business becomes a vital national security need.

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    None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available by this or any other Act may be used by the Secretary of Defense, or any other official or officer of the Department of Defense, to enter into a contract, memorandum of understanding, or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to, or provide a loan or loan guarantee to Rosoboronexport or any subsidiary of Rosoboronexport.

12. Taiwan Security Cooperation Initiative funding

    This section sets aside $1 billion from Defense-Wide Operation and Maintenance funds for the Taiwan Security Cooperation Initiative. The money stays available through September 30, 2027. The Secretary of Defense, working with the Secretary of State, can use these funds to buy defense equipment, services, and military training for Taiwan. Any equipment bought but not yet sent to Taiwan can be counted as U.S. Defense Department stock, with written notice to Congress. Before spending any of this money, the Defense Department must notify Congress in writing at least 15 days ahead of time. The Defense Department must also send Congress quarterly reports on how the money is being used.

    Who this affects

    Taiwan receives defense articles, services, and training paid for by U.S. taxpayers. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency manages the funds.

    Tradeoff

    The funding strengthens U.S. support for Taiwan's defense, but it commits $1 billion in taxpayer money and requires ongoing congressional oversight to track how it is spent.

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    Of the amounts appropriated in this Act under the heading ``Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide'', for the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, $1,000,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2027, shall be for the Taiwan Security Cooperation Initiative

13. Solid rocket motor industry investment

    Section 8153 sets aside $500 million for the Department of Defense to strengthen the U.S. solid rocket motor industry. At least $150 million of that must go toward testing and qualifying new, backup suppliers. The money can be moved into Army, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, and Defense-Wide research accounts. Allowed uses include upgrading factories, buying equipment, training workers, expanding the supplier network, and building extra production capacity. Before any money is spent, the Secretary of Defense must brief Congress within 60 days and submit a detailed spending plan. No funds can be spent until 30 days after that plan is delivered. Congress must also be notified at least 15 days before any transfer of funds.

    Who this affects

    Defense contractors and suppliers who make solid rocket motors and related components. Military branches that rely on those rockets for weapons and space launch systems.

    Tradeoff

    The investment could reduce supply shortages and lower costs over time, but it commits $500 million in public funds to a single industrial sector with spending conditions that delay use of the money.

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    not less than $150,000,000 shall be available only for the qualification and testing of second source providers, is hereby appropriated to the Department of Defense and may be transferred to the procurement accounts of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Department of Defense

14. Job Corps funding and operations

    This section provides about $1.76 billion for Job Corps, a federal job training program. The largest share, about $1.6 billion, covers day-to-day operations of Job Corps centers for the period July 2026 through June 2027. Another $123 million is set aside for building, fixing, and buying Job Corps facilities, available through June 2029. The Labor Secretary can move up to 15 percent of those construction funds to cover operating needs, but moved funds must be spent by June 2027 and Congress must be told at least 15 days before any transfer. A smaller amount, about $34 million, covers other Job Corps expenses from October 2025 through September 2026. The section also states that no other federal money can be used to pay for meals at Job Corps centers.

    Who this affects

    Young people enrolled in Job Corps training centers, and the federal and state staff who run those centers.

    Tradeoff

    Allowing the Secretary to shift construction funds to operations gives flexibility to keep centers running, but it reduces money available for building repairs and upgrades.

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    $1,603,325,000 for Job Corps Operations, which shall be available for the period July 1, 2026 through June 30, 2027; (2) $123,000,000 for construction, rehabilitation and acquisition of Job Corps Centers... Provided, That the Secretary may transfer up to 15 percent of such funds to meet the operational needs of such centers

15. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation funding

    This section funds the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), which is the federal agency that protects workers' pension plans when those plans fail. The PBGC can spend what it needs from its own funds to run its programs through September 30, 2026. However, regular administrative costs cannot exceed $494,264,000. If more than 100,000 new pension plan participants enter PBGC care because their plans were terminated, up to $9,200,000 extra becomes available for every 20,000 additional participants. In unusual or unforeseen situations, the PBGC can spend beyond its normal limit, but only after the Office of Management and Budget approves and Congress is notified. If the PBGC suffers a data breach, it can spend extra money to provide credit or identity monitoring to affected people, up to $100 per person above the $250,000 base cost.

    Who this affects

    Workers and retirees whose pension plans have failed or are at risk of failing. It also affects the PBGC itself and employers who sponsor pension plans.

    Tradeoff

    Setting a spending cap on PBGC administration limits federal costs, but the agency may need more money if a large number of pension plans fail at once.

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    That none of the funds available to the Corporation for fiscal year 2026 shall be available for obligations for administrative expenses in excess of $494,264,000

16. Overtime rules for disaster claims adjusters

    Section 108 changes how federal overtime law applies to insurance claims adjusters who work after a major disaster. For two years after a disaster, these workers do not have to receive overtime pay. To qualify, the adjuster must earn at least $591 per week and must be licensed to do claims work. Their employer must carry workers' compensation insurance and withhold all required taxes. The employer also cannot be an insurance company that sells the same kind of policies being adjusted. A 'major disaster' here means any event declared a disaster by a state or federal agency.

    Who this affects

    Insurance claims adjusters hired after disasters, and the employers who hire them. People making claims after a disaster are indirectly affected because it may change how quickly or easily adjusters are deployed.

    Tradeoff

    Employers can deploy more adjusters without paying overtime, which may speed up claims processing after disasters, but adjusters working long hours will not receive extra pay for that time.

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    The provisions of this section shall not apply for a period of 2 years after the occurrence of a major disaster to any employee-- (A) employed to adjust or evaluate claims resulting from or relating to such major disaster, by an employer not engaged, directly or through an affiliate, in underwriting, selling, or marketing property, casualty, or liability insurance policies or contracts; (B) who receives from such employer on average weekly compensation of not less than $591.00 per week

17. H-2B seafood worker visa: prevailing wage rules

    Section 110 sets the rules for how employers must calculate the wage they owe H-2B temporary foreign workers. The required wage is whichever is higher: what the employer already pays similar workers at that location, or the going wage for that job type in that area. The section also lets employers use private wage surveys to support their wage calculations. The government must accept those surveys unless it finds the survey's methods or data are not statistically sound.

    Who this affects

    Employers who hire H-2B temporary foreign workers. H-2B workers themselves are also affected because the rule sets a wage floor for their pay.

    Tradeoff

    Allowing private wage surveys gives employers more flexibility in setting wages, but it may result in lower wage floors than if only government survey data were used.

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    The determination of prevailing wage for the purposes of the H-2B program shall be the greater of--(1) the actual wage level paid by the employer to other employees with similar experience and qualifications for such position in the same location; or (2) the prevailing wage level for the occupational classification of the position in the geographic area in which the H-2B nonimmigrant will be employed, based on the best information available at the time of filing the petition.

18. Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program funding

    This section sets aside $2.571 billion to run the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program for fiscal year 2026. Money for emergency care (Part A) and full-care programs (Part B) can be used through September 30, 2028, giving states extra time to spend the funds. A portion goes to state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs, which help pay for HIV medications. Money set aside for the 'Ending the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Initiative' stays available until it is fully spent. That initiative money can be used for grants and contracts aimed at reducing HIV/AIDS nationwide.

    Who this affects

    People living with HIV/AIDS who rely on Ryan White Program services, including low-income patients who need medication assistance. State and local health agencies that receive and manage these federal grants are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Providing $2.571 billion continues care for HIV/AIDS patients, but that spending must be paid for within the overall federal budget.

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    For carrying out title XXVI of the PHS Act with respect to the Ryan White HIV/AIDS program, $2,571,041,000, of which the amounts made available for Emergency Assistance (Part A) and Comprehensive Care Programs (Part B) shall remain available to the Secretary through September 30, 2028

19. National Institutes of Health funding for research institutes

    This section sets spending amounts for each National Institutes of Health (NIH) institute and office for fiscal year 2026. Each institute gets a specific dollar amount to run research programs on its assigned health topic, such as cancer, heart disease, aging, or mental health. A few institutes have extra rules attached. For example, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases must spend at least $270 million on universal flu vaccine research. The NIH Office of the Director gets $2.46 billion and must put $180 million toward a child health study, $572 million into a shared research fund, and $5 million toward inspector general oversight of NIH grants. The Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) receives $1.5 billion, available through September 30, 2028. An extra $226 million comes from a special Cures Act account and can be moved between NIH offices for approved purposes. NIH can also spend $350 million on building repairs, construction, and equipment.

    Who this affects

    Researchers, universities, and medical institutions that receive NIH grants are affected. Patients and the public benefit indirectly from the research these funds support.

    Tradeoff

    Setting fixed amounts for each institute directs money toward specific diseases and research areas, but it also limits flexibility to shift funds if new health needs arise during the year.

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    national institute of allergy and infectious diseases For carrying out section 301 and title IV of the PHS Act with respect to allergy and infectious diseases, $6,585,279,000: Provided, That not less than $270,000,000 is provided for research to develop universal flu vaccines.

20. Home energy help payments for low-income households

    This section sets aside $4,045,000,000 for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program, which helps low-income households pay heating and cooling bills. The Secretary of Health and Human Services may keep up to $9,600,000 for training, oversight, and administration. Most of the money is distributed to states and territories using a formula that treats the total as though it were less than $1,975,000,000, which affects how shares are split. However, no state or territory can receive less than 97 percent of what it got in fiscal year 2025. States that would otherwise get more than 100 percent of their 2025 amount have their share slightly reduced to make room. The Secretary must send each state at least 90 percent of its total share by November 1 of the current year.

    Who this affects

    Low-income households that need help paying energy bills. State and territorial agencies that run the program and distribute funds to eligible families.

    Tradeoff

    Setting a higher total funding level helps more households, but the formula that treats the total as a smaller amount shifts how dollars are divided among states, which can mean some states gain less than expected while others are protected from large cuts.

    Show the exact bill text

    each State or territory that would otherwise receive an allocation that is less than 97 percent of the amount that it received under this heading for fiscal year 2025 from amounts appropriated pursuant to section 1101(a)(8) of division A of Public Law 119-4 shall have its allocation increased to that 97 percent level

21. Head Start and children and family services funding

    This section sets aside about $14.9 billion for a wide range of children and family programs. The biggest share, about $12.4 billion, goes to Head Start, which provides early education for low-income children. Within that Head Start amount, $75 million covers a cost-of-living adjustment for programs, $25 million supports the system that reviews and renews program grants, $10 million goes to a Tribal Colleges partnership program, up to $8 million goes to the Marshall Islands and Micronesia to start and run Head Start services, and $21 million supports research and federal administrative costs. Another $315 million goes to preschool development grants under the Every Student Succeeds Act. About $810 million goes to Community Services Block Grants, which help local groups fight poverty. The section also raises the income limit for those grants from 125 percent to 200 percent of the poverty line, letting more families qualify. Another $245 million goes to family violence prevention services. Smaller amounts cover adoption incentive payments, child abuse prevention, disaster case management, and community projects chosen by members of Congress.

    Who this affects

    Low-income families with young children, people experiencing domestic violence, homeless youth, adoptive and foster families, tribal communities, and low-income households seeking local social services.

    Tradeoff

    Providing over $14 billion for these programs expands access to early education and family support services, but it increases federal spending.

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    $12,356,820,000 shall be for making payments under the Head Start Act, including for Early Head Start-Child Care Partnerships, and, of which, notwithstanding section 640 of such Act: (1) $75,000,000 shall be available for a cost of living adjustment

22. Teen pregnancy prevention and sexual risk avoidance funding

    This section sets aside two pools of money for programs aimed at reducing teen pregnancy. First, $101 million goes to competitive grants and contracts for programs that use medically accurate, age-appropriate methods to lower teen pregnancy rates. Of that amount, 75 percent must fund programs already proven effective through rigorous research, and 25 percent funds newer research and demonstration projects. Second, a separate $35 million goes only to programs that teach sexual risk avoidance, defined as voluntarily staying away from sex outside of marriage. Those programs must use peer-reviewed medical information, teach self-regulation and healthy relationships, and must not treat teen sexual activity as normal. No more than 10 percent of the sexual risk avoidance grants can pay for administrative costs and technical help.

    Who this affects

    Teenagers across the country, and the public and private organizations that run teen pregnancy prevention or sexual education programs.

    Tradeoff

    Funding is split between programs proven effective through research and programs focused on abstinence outside marriage, meaning different educational approaches receive federal money at the same time.

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    $101,000,000 shall be for making competitive contracts and grants to public and private entities to fund medically accurate and age appropriate programs that reduce teen pregnancy... 75 percent shall be for replicating programs that have been proven effective through rigorous evaluation... and 25 percent shall be available for research and demonstration grants... $35,000,000 shall be for making competitive grants which exclusively implement education in sexual risk avoidance (defined as voluntarily refraining from non-marital sexual activity)

23. Mammography screening coverage rules

    This section sets a temporary rule for breast cancer screening coverage. From November 1, 2015 through January 1, 2028, any law that refers to current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations on mammograms must be treated as if it referred to the older recommendations from before 2009. The pre-2009 guidelines generally supported routine mammograms for women starting at age 40. The newer 2009 guidelines raised the starting age and changed how often screening was recommended. This section keeps the older, broader screening rules in place for coverage purposes during this period.

    Who this affects

    Women seeking covered mammogram screenings under federal health programs or insurance plans governed by federal law. Health insurers and federal program administrators must follow this rule.

    Tradeoff

    More women may receive covered mammograms under the older guidelines, but the federal government and insurers may pay for screenings that newer medical evidence suggests may not always be necessary.

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    any provision of law that refers (including through cross-reference to another provision of law) to the current recommendations of the United States Preventive Services Task Force with respect to breast cancer screening, mammography, and prevention shall be administered by the Secretary involved as if-- (1) such reference to such current recommendations were a reference to the recommendations of such Task Force with respect to breast cancer screening, mammography, and prevention last issued before 2009

24. NIH grant harassment investigation rules

    Section 238 sets new rules for universities and research institutions that get money from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). If a school starts an investigation into harassment, bullying, retaliation, or a hostile workplace involving a lead researcher or key staff member, the school must finish that investigation even if the person being investigated leaves the job during the process. NIH can refuse to transfer an ongoing grant to a new institution if misconduct concerns about the researcher have not been resolved. NIH can also share investigation results with other institutions that receive NIH funding when needed. NIH may write formal regulations to carry out these rules.

    Who this affects

    Universities and research institutions that receive NIH grants are affected. Lead researchers and key personnel named in NIH awards are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Investigations will be completed even after a researcher leaves, which may protect future workplaces, but it also extends a process that costs time and money for institutions.

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    institutions that receive funds through a grant or cooperative agreement or other form of extramural award during fiscal year 2026 and in future years to complete any investigation undertaken due to concerns about harassment, bullying retaliation, or hostile working conditions regarding any individual identified as a principal investigator or key personnel in an NIH notice of award or progress report even if during the course of the investigation the individual under investigation leaves their current position

25. Special education funding under IDEA

    This section gives $15.49 billion to carry out the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act. The money is released in stages. About $5.9 billion becomes available July 1, 2026, and about $9.3 billion becomes available October 1, 2026, both staying available through September 30, 2027. States that fail to spend the required amount on special education can have their funding reduced. That reduction can be spread over up to five years. States can use some funds to give smaller grants to local school districts, colleges, and nonprofits. The bill also allows states to keep giving early help to children with disabilities past age three, with parent permission, until the next school year starts. States can also use funds to find and help expectant parents whose babies are expected to have a disability, and must complete the referral process within 45 days of the child's birth.

    Who this affects

    Students with disabilities from birth through age 21, their families, state education agencies, and local school districts across the country.

    Tradeoff

    Providing more funding helps serve students with disabilities, but states that do not meet spending requirements risk having their allocations reduced.

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    For carrying out the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004, $15,490,264,000, of which $5,910,321,000 shall become available on July 1, 2026, and shall remain available through September 30, 2027, and of which $9,283,383,000 shall become available on October 1, 2026, and shall remain available through September 30, 2027, for academic year 2026-2027

26. Maximum Pell Grant amount for 2026-2027

    This section sets the top Pell Grant award a student can receive during the 2026-2027 school year at $6,335. Pell Grants are federal aid given to low- and moderate-income college students. The money does not have to be repaid. The total funding for this student financial assistance account is about $24.6 billion. Of that, about $22.5 billion goes to Pell Grants, $910 million goes to campus-based aid programs, and $1.23 billion goes to work-study programs. The funds are available through September 30, 2027.

    Who this affects

    Low- and moderate-income undergraduate students who apply for and receive Pell Grants. Colleges and universities that receive and distribute the funds are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Setting a fixed maximum grant amount provides budget certainty for the government, but it limits how much individual students can receive, regardless of rising college costs.

    Show the exact bill text

    The maximum Pell Grant for which a student shall be eligible during award year 2026-2027 shall be $6,335.

27. AmeriCorps early exit education award

    Section 408 deals with AmeriCorps participants who had to leave their service positions early. This had to happen because of reasons outside their control, such as a gap in federal funding or the cancellation of their program grant. In those cases, the head of the Corporation for National and Community Service can count the person as having met the minimum service requirements. That official can also give the person a partial education award. The award amount is based on how much of the service term the person actually completed. Normally, a participant must finish at least 15 percent of their term to get any award. This section removes that 15 percent minimum for people who left early through no fault of their own.

    Who this affects

    AmeriCorps participants who were forced to leave their service positions early due to funding gaps, program terminations, or other circumstances outside their control.

    Tradeoff

    Participants get partial education awards without meeting the normal minimum service threshold, which helps affected individuals but uses National Service Trust funds for service that was not fully completed.

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    notwithstanding section 139(c)(2)(B) of the 1990 Act, award the individual a pro-rated value of the educational award that corresponds to the quantity of the term of service actually completed by the individual without regard to whether such individual has completed at least 15 percent of their term of service as required under section 139(c) of the 1990 Act.

28. Electronic voting ban for union elections at the NLRB

    Section 409 says none of the money in this law (or past laws) can be used by the National Labor Relations Board to create new rules that would let workers vote electronically in union elections. The National Labor Relations Board runs elections where workers decide if they want a union to represent them. Right now, those elections are held in person. This section blocks any new rule that would add an online or other electronic voting option.

    Who this affects

    Workers voting in union elections and the National Labor Relations Board, which runs those elections.

    Tradeoff

    Blocking electronic voting keeps in-person election rules in place, but it also prevents the Board from testing options that could make voting easier or more accessible for some workers.

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    None of the funds provided by this Act or previous Acts making appropriations for the National Labor Relations Board may be used to issue any new administrative directive or regulation that would provide employees any means of voting through any electronic means in an election to determine a representative for the purposes of collective bargaining.

29. Reprogramming of funds rules

    Section 514 limits how agencies can move money around within their budgets without first telling Congress. For major changes, such as creating new programs, eliminating existing ones, moving offices, or privatizing federal jobs, agencies must consult Congress 15 days before acting and give written notice 10 days before. For smaller shifts above $500,000 or 10 percent of a program's funding (whichever is less), the same notice rules apply. The section covers funds from this law, leftover funds from past laws still available in 2026, and fee-based accounts.

    Who this affects

    Federal agencies funded by this bill, including the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees must receive advance notice of covered moves.

    Tradeoff

    Congress keeps tighter oversight over how agencies spend money, but agencies have less flexibility to respond quickly to changing needs without advance notice.

    Show the exact bill text

    unless the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate are consulted 15 days in advance of such reprogramming or of an announcement of intent relating to such reprogramming, whichever occurs earlier, and are notified in writing 10 days in advance of such reprogramming.

30. Needle and syringe purchase ban with public health exception

    Section 525 says federal money in this bill cannot be used to buy needles or syringes for injecting illegal drugs. However, there is an exception. If a state or local health department, working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, decides that an area has a big rise in hepatitis or HIV infections linked to drug injection, the ban is lifted for that area. The money can then support a broader program that includes needle access, as long as that program follows state and local law. The ban only covers the purchase of needles and syringes. It does not block funding for other parts of the program.

    Who this affects

    State and local health departments that run drug-related public health programs. People who use injection drugs in areas with rising hepatitis or HIV rates may also be affected.

    Tradeoff

    The ban keeps federal money from directly buying needles for illegal drug use, but the public health exception allows funding in areas with serious disease outbreaks, balancing drug-use concerns against infection control.

    Show the exact bill text

    no funds appropriated in this Act shall be used to purchase sterile needles or syringes for the hypodermic injection of any illegal drug: Provided, That such limitation does not apply to the use of funds for elements of a program other than making such purchases if the relevant State or local health department, in consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, determines that the State or local jurisdiction, as applicable, is experiencing, or is at risk for, a significant increase in hepatitis infections or an HIV outbreak due to injection drug use

31. Cybersecurity improvements for the Department of Transportation

    This section sets aside $60 million for cybersecurity work at the Department of Transportation. The money can be spent through September 30, 2027. Allowed uses include upgrading networks and IT systems, improving how people prove their identity when logging in, protecting stored data, carrying out federal cybersecurity rules, and adding stronger security controls on agency computers and mobile devices.

    Who this affects

    Department of Transportation employees and systems that handle federal transportation data. Indirectly, it affects the public who rely on those systems being secure.

    Tradeoff

    The funding strengthens digital security across the department, but it commits $60 million in federal spending with results that are hard to measure directly.

    Show the exact bill text

    For necessary expenses for cyber security initiatives, including necessary upgrades to network and information technology infrastructure, improvement of identity management and authentication capabilities, securing and protecting data, implementation of Federal cyber security initiatives, and implementation of enhanced security controls on agency computers and mobile devices, $60,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2027.

32. Protection of essential air service contracts

    Section 109C says no federal money can be used to cancel or renegotiate an existing Essential Air Service (EAS) contract early. EAS is a federal program that pays airlines to serve small, remote communities. Under current rules, contracts are renegotiated on a normal schedule before they expire. This section blocks the government from cutting that process short unless the community itself asks in writing. The protection only covers airlines that are already following their contract terms.

    Who this affects

    Small and remote communities that depend on subsidized airline service through the Essential Air Service program. Airlines holding EAS contracts are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Communities keep their air service contracts intact, but the government cannot renegotiate early even if it believes it could get a better deal for taxpayers.

    Show the exact bill text

    None of the funds made available by this or any other Act shall be used to cancel or seek to renegotiate an existing contract under the essential air service program under subchapter II of chapter 417 of title 49, United States Code, before the standard period of rebidding occurring prior to a contract's expiration unless in response to an explicit written request from the EAS Community

33. Limits on political appointees at the FAA

    Section 117 says that no money from this bill can pay salaries for more than nine political or presidential appointees at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It also sets rules about where those nine people must work. At least one appointee must be placed in each of seven specific offices: the Office of the Administrator, the Office of the Deputy Administrator, the Office of the General Counsel, the Office of Government and Industry Affairs, the Office of Communications, the Office of Airports, and the Office for Policy, International Affairs, and Environment. No appointee can be placed in any other office.

    Who this affects

    Political and presidential appointees at the FAA. It also affects how the FAA is managed and staffed at the leadership level.

    Tradeoff

    Capping appointees at nine limits political staffing but may also restrict the agency's flexibility to place leadership where it sees fit.

    Show the exact bill text

    None of the funds made available by this Act shall be available for salaries and expenses of more than nine political and Presidential appointees in the Federal Aviation Administration: Provided, That of the nine political and Presidential appointee positions in the Federal Aviation Administration, not less than one position shall be within each of the following offices and no appointee shall be in any other office: the Office of the Administrator, the Office of the Deputy Administrator, the Office of the General Counsel, the Office of Government and Industry Affairs, the Office of Communications, the Office of Airports, and the Office for Policy, International Affairs, and Environment.

34. Reimbursement for airports closed due to presidential flight restrictions

    Section 119E sets aside up to $3.5 million to pay back airport operators and general aviation service providers who lost money when their airports were closed for a presidential temporary flight restriction (TFR). The money comes from leftover funds already approved in prior laws, not new spending. Before any payments go out, an independent audit must be completed. Airports that also serve as presidential entry or exit points (gateway airports) are not eligible. Losses caused by a business's own illegal actions or negligence do not qualify. To receive money, a claimant must fully release the federal government from any future lawsuits over those same losses. Funds are available through September 30, 2028.

    Who this affects

    Small and general aviation airport operators and ground service businesses that were forced to close because a nearby airport was restricted for a presidential visit. Gateway airports (those used for official presidential arrivals and departures) are excluded.

    Tradeoff

    Affected businesses get a path to recover losses from government-ordered closures, but they must give up the right to sue the federal government and wait for an audit before receiving any funds.

    Show the exact bill text

    up to $3,500,000 shall be available through September 30, 2028, for necessary expenses, including an independent verification regime, to provide reimbursement to airport sponsors that do not provide gateway operations and providers of general aviation ground support services, or other aviation tenants, located at those airports closed during a temporary flight restriction (TFR) for any residence of the President

35. Highway bridge grants for rural and small states

    This section sets aside $350 million for competitive grants to fix or replace highway bridges. Only states that are either sparsely populated (fewer than 115 people per square mile) or have a small total population (under 1.1 million people) can apply. Those states must also have either very few bridges in good condition or a high share of bridges in poor condition. States with the worst bridge conditions, where more than 14 percent of bridges are rated poor, must receive at least $32.5 million each. No single state can receive more than $55 million. The money must be used for projects that bundle several bridge repairs together to save costs. Bridge condition figures come from the national bridge inventory as of June 2024, and population figures come from the most recent decennial census.

    Who this affects

    States with low population or population density that also have a high share of bridges in poor or substandard condition. Counties and transportation agencies in those states would apply for grants.

    Tradeoff

    Focusing grants on states with the worst bridge conditions and smallest populations may direct money away from heavily traveled bridges in larger, denser states that also have infrastructure needs.

    Show the exact bill text

    $350,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2029, shall be for a competitive highway bridge program for States that-- (A) have-- (i) a population density of less than 115 individuals per square mile; or (ii) a population of less than 1,100,000 individuals; and (B) have-- (i) less than 26 percent of total bridges classified as in good condition; or (ii) greater than or equal to 4.9 percent of total bridges classified as in poor condition

36. Redirecting old earmarks to nearby highway projects

    Section 124 lets states and U.S. territories use old, unspent congressional earmarks for any eligible highway project inside their borders. To do this, the state must tell the U.S. Secretary of Transportation it plans to use this option and file a yearly report listing the projects. The money stays available for three more fiscal years after that notice is given. There are limits: the original project must have spent less than 10 percent of its funds, and the new project must be within 25 miles of where the money was first directed. States can also use leftover funds from projects that have been fully closed out. The federal share of costs stays the same as the original earmark set.

    Who this affects

    States and U.S. territories that have old, unspent federal highway earmarks that are more than 10 fiscal years old. Taxpayers and communities near those unspent funds could see new road or infrastructure projects.

    Tradeoff

    Unspent old earmarks get put to use on nearby projects, but the original community or purpose the money was directed to may not receive the benefit.

    Show the exact bill text

    A State or territory, as defined in section 165 of title 23, United States Code, may use for any project eligible under section 133(b) of title 23 or section 165 of title 23 and located within the boundary of the State or territory any earmarked amount, and any associated obligation limitation

37. Electronic logging device exemption for livestock and insect haulers

    Section 130 blocks any federal money from being used to enforce electronic logging device (ELD) rules for truck drivers hauling livestock or insects. ELDs are devices that track how long a driver has been on the road. Federal law generally requires most commercial truck drivers to use them. This section carves out an exception. No funds from this bill or any other law can go toward making livestock and insect haulers follow those ELD rules.

    Who this affects

    Truck drivers who haul livestock or insects, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, and shippers and receivers of those goods.

    Tradeoff

    Livestock and insect haulers get more scheduling flexibility, but hours-of-service limits for those drivers become harder to verify, which may affect road safety.

    Show the exact bill text

    None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Transportation by this Act or any other Act may be obligated or expended to implement, administer, or enforce the requirements of section 31137 of title 49, United States Code, or any regulation issued by the Secretary pursuant to such section, with respect to the use of electronic logging devices by operators of commercial motor vehicles...transporting livestock as defined in section 602 of the Emergency Livestock Feed Assistance Act of 1988 (7 U.S.C. 1471) or insects.

38. Amtrak overtime pay cap

    This section limits how much overtime pay any single Amtrak employee can receive using federal funds. The cap is set at $35,000 per employee per year. The president of Amtrak can make exceptions for specific workers if the cap would put safety or operations at risk. Within 60 days of the law taking effect, Amtrak's president must send a report to Congress. That report must cover all overtime payments made in 2025 and the three years before it. The report must also list how many employees got exceptions each month and how much they were paid in overtime.

    Who this affects

    Amtrak employees who earn overtime pay and Amtrak management who set work schedules. Congress and taxpayers are also affected because federal grant money funds these wages.

    Tradeoff

    The cap limits how much federal money goes to any one worker's overtime, but exceptions are allowed when safety or operations require it, which means the cap may not always hold.

    Show the exact bill text

    None of the funds made available to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation may be used to fund any overtime costs in excess of $35,000 for any individual employee: Provided, That the President of Amtrak may waive the cap set in the preceding proviso for specific employees when the President of Amtrak determines such a cap poses a risk to the safety and operational efficiency of the system

39. Public transit safety grants for high-ridership systems

    This section sets aside $15 million for transit agencies to pay operating costs tied to public safety. The money covers things like equipment and facilities that reduce crime and improve security on transit systems. The Secretary of Transportation must distribute the funds within 30 days of the law taking effect. Only the 10 transit agencies with the highest ridership in 2024 qualify. Money is split among those agencies in proportion to how many riders each carried. No single agency can receive more than 50 percent of the total. If any agency hits that 50 percent cap, leftover money goes to the other qualifying agencies, again based on ridership.

    Who this affects

    The 10 largest public transit systems by 2024 ridership. Riders who use those systems may see safety and security improvements.

    Tradeoff

    Targeting funds to only the 10 busiest systems gets money to the most riders quickly, but smaller transit agencies receive nothing from this set-aside.

    Show the exact bill text

    $15,000,000 shall be available for costs related to operating equipment and facilities for use in public transportation to improve public safety in transit systems... the Secretary shall allocate amounts made available in this paragraph to the 10 eligible recipients with the highest ridership in fiscal year 2024

40. Transit grants for FIFA World Cup 2026 host cities

    This section directs $100,250,212 to transit agencies in U.S. cities hosting FIFA World Cup 2026 matches. The money comes from existing unspent federal transit program funds. Each host city's share is split two ways: 70 percent is based on its stadium's seating capacity compared to all host stadiums, and 30 percent is based on the number of matches played there compared to all U.S. host cities. The funds can pay for planning, equipment, and day-to-day transit operations tied to the event. Transit agencies can receive up to 100 percent federal funding, meaning no local match is required. The money must be used within one fiscal year after the World Cup closes.

    Who this affects

    Transit agencies in U.S. cities hosting FIFA World Cup 2026 matches. Riders and residents in those cities may see added or improved transit service during the event.

    Tradeoff

    Host cities get flexible, potentially fully federally funded transit support for the World Cup, but the money comes from existing unspent balances in older programs, which reduces funds those programs could otherwise use.

    Show the exact bill text

    the Secretary shall make $100,250,212 available for grants to transit agencies for costs related to eligible planning, capital, and operating expenses for equipment and facilities in support of matches or other public events held in domestic host cities for the FIFA World Cup 2026

41. Mask mandate ban for the Department of Transportation

    Section 193 says no money given to the Department of Transportation for fiscal year 2026 can be used to enforce a mask requirement tied to COVID-19. This means the department cannot create, carry out, or punish anyone for not following a COVID-19 mask rule on any transportation it oversees. The ban applies only to COVID-19 mask mandates and only covers the current fiscal year.

    Who this affects

    Travelers, employees, and staff at transportation facilities or services overseen by the Department of Transportation. It also affects agency officials who might otherwise issue or enforce mask rules.

    Tradeoff

    The ban protects people from being required to wear masks, but it removes a tool the agency could use if a new COVID-19 outbreak were to occur.

    Show the exact bill text

    None of the funds appropriated or made available by this title for the Department of Transportation for fiscal year 2026 may be used to enforce a mask mandate in response to the COVID-19 virus.

42. Housing choice voucher renewals and rental assistance funding

    This section provides about $38.4 billion for tenant-based rental assistance, commonly called housing choice vouchers. Most of that money, about $34.9 billion, goes to renew existing voucher contracts with local public housing agencies. The government sets each agency's funding using actual leasing data from the prior year, then applies an inflation adjustment. Agencies are told their budget within 60 days of the law's passage or by March 1, 2026, whichever is later. If total costs run over the available funds, each agency's share is reduced proportionally. Up to $400 million is set aside for special situations, such as agencies hit by unexpected cost spikes, disaster areas, housing for veterans, or agencies about to lose funding and cut off families from assistance. A separate $600 million covers vouchers tied to demolitions, relocations, crime witness protection, and other specific programs.

    Who this affects

    Low-income renters who use housing vouchers to help pay rent. Local public housing agencies that administer those vouchers.

    Tradeoff

    More money keeps more families housed, but the proration rule means agencies may still get less than their full costs if total demand exceeds available funds.

    Show the exact bill text

    $34,957,000,000 shall be available for renewals of expiring section 8 tenant-based annual contributions contracts... the Secretary for the calendar year 2026 funding cycle shall provide renewal funding for each public housing agency based on validated voucher management system (VMS) or successor system leasing and cost data for the prior calendar year and by applying an inflation factor as established by the Secretary

43. Housing vouchers and public housing funding

    This section sets spending amounts for several federal rental housing programs in 2026. About $2.8 billion goes to pay public housing agencies to run the Section 8 voucher program. An extra $15 million goes to housing vouchers for homeless veterans (HUD-VASH). Another $30 million goes to the Family Unification Program, which helps families and young adults aging out of foster care find housing. At least $5 million helps tenants in low-vacancy areas whose affordable housing contracts are expiring and who could end up paying more than 30 percent of their income on rent. Public housing agencies get $8.3 billion total for operations and capital repairs. Of that, $50 million is for grants to find and fix health hazards such as lead paint, carbon monoxide, mold, and radon. Another $30 million covers emergency safety needs. The bill also says veteran vouchers must stay available for homeless veterans when they turn over, and that special vouchers for people with disabilities must go to non-elderly people with disabilities when they turn over.

    Who this affects

    Low-income renters using Section 8 vouchers, homeless veterans, families and youth in the foster care system, and residents of public housing across the country. Public housing agencies that manage these programs are also directly affected.

    Tradeoff

    More federal dollars reach vulnerable renters and aging public housing, but the government spends billions in recurring costs and agencies face funding cuts if total appropriations fall short.

    Show the exact bill text

    no less than $5,000,000 may be available to provide tenant protection assistance, not otherwise provided under this paragraph, to residents residing in low vacancy areas and who may have to pay rents greater than 30 percent of household income

44. Choice Neighborhoods Initiative grants

    This section provides $25 million in competitive grants for the Choice Neighborhoods Initiative. The grants help transform distressed public and HUD-assisted housing and the neighborhoods around them. Money can be used for housing, community services, schools, transportation, and job access. It can also convert vacant or foreclosed properties into affordable housing. At least $12.5 million must go to public housing agencies. Grantees must keep housing affordable for at least 20 years after the grant. They must also provide matching funds from state, local, other federal, or private sources. Local governments, tribes, public housing agencies, and nonprofits can all apply. For-profit developers may apply together with a public partner. Up to $10 million may go to planning grants. Grants for "main street housing" are not allowed under this section. The Secretary must award grants within one year of the bill becoming law.

    Who this affects

    Residents of distressed public and HUD-assisted housing, low-income communities, local governments, public housing agencies, nonprofits, and tribal entities that apply for grants.

    Tradeoff

    The grants can revitalize struggling neighborhoods and expand affordable housing, but the $25 million budget is limited and requires grantees to find matching funds from other sources.

    Show the exact bill text

    grantees shall commit to an additional period of affordability determined by the Secretary of not fewer than 20 years: Provided further, That grantees shall provide a match in State, local, other Federal, or private funds

45. Community Development Block Grant and related housing funds

    This section sets aside about $7 billion for community and economic development. Of that, $3.3 billion goes to the Community Development Block Grant program, which sends money to cities, counties, and other local governments for housing and economic projects. Up to 20 percent of any grant can pay for planning and administration. Another $50 million goes to governments that have loosened zoning or land-use rules to build more affordable housing. Grants from that pool do not reduce a community's regular formula share. A separate $30 million targets communities hit hard by drug overdose deaths, using 2023 death-rate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The largest single piece, about $3.6 billion, is set aside for Congressionally Directed Spending, meaning individual members of Congress chose specific local projects. The government must tell grantees their formula allocations within 60 days of the law taking effect.

    Who this affects

    State and local governments, counties, cities, nonprofits, and community organizations across the country that receive federal housing and development funds. Residents in those communities benefit from funded projects.

    Tradeoff

    The block grant money gives local governments flexibility to spend on local priorities, but the large Congressionally Directed Spending portion means billions are directed by individual lawmakers rather than a competitive or formula-based process.

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    $3,300,000,000 shall be available for carrying out the community development block grant program under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974

46. Youth homelessness demonstration projects and data funding

    This section sets aside money for three purposes related to youth homelessness. First, $10 million goes to a national project that collects and analyzes data on homelessness. Second, $107 million goes to demonstration projects in up to 25 communities, with priority given to rural areas, to test ways to sharply cut homelessness among people age 24 and under. Up to $25 million of that can go to grants that help communities build or improve systems to respond to youth homelessness. Up to $10 million of that can fund training and technical help for communities. Young people seeking help do not have to show outside documents to prove they qualify. Youth living in unsafe situations can get services from youth-focused providers. Communities that no longer need funds for a youth demonstration project must tell the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, who then takes back those funds and gives them to another community.

    Who this affects

    People age 24 and under who are homeless or in unsafe housing situations. Communities, local organizations, and providers that run youth homelessness programs.

    Tradeoff

    More targeted funding reaches homeless youth in rural and underserved communities, but the total pool of money is limited, so not all communities that apply will receive grants.

    Show the exact bill text

    $107,000,000 shall be available to implement projects to demonstrate how a comprehensive approach to serving homeless youth, age 24 and under, in up to 25 communities with a priority for communities with substantial rural populations in up to eight locations, can dramatically reduce youth homelessness

47. Manufactured housing fees trust fund

    This section sets aside up to $14 million for the federal program that oversees safety and construction standards for manufactured homes (also called mobile homes). All $14 million comes from fees already collected in the Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund, not from general taxpayer money. If fee collections come in slowly, the Treasury can advance funds temporarily, but those advances must be paid back by the end of fiscal year 2026. The goal is for the final cost to general taxpayers to be zero. The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development can also collect separate fees from people who take part in dispute resolution and installation programs. Those fees go into the same trust fund and can be spent on running the program. The Secretary can also hire outside service providers and have them paid directly by the people they help, instead of routing payments through the government.

    Who this affects

    Manufacturers, retailers, and installers of manufactured homes, as well as homebuyers who live in manufactured housing and use the dispute resolution or installation programs.

    Tradeoff

    The program is fully funded by industry fees rather than general tax dollars, which keeps costs off taxpayers but means program funding depends on how much fee revenue comes in.

    Show the exact bill text

    up to $14,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which $14,000,000 shall be derived from the Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund

48. Section 209: College students blocked from Section 8 housing aid

    Section 209 says that certain college students cannot receive Section 8 rental assistance. A student is blocked from the aid if they meet all eight conditions listed. They must be under 24, unmarried, not a veteran, not a parent, not disabled (unless they already got the aid before November 30, 2005), not a former foster youth at risk of homelessness, and their parents must also not qualify on their own for the same aid. A student who meets even one of these exceptions can still apply.

    Who this affects

    College students under age 24 who rent housing. Veterans, parents, people with disabilities, and former foster youth who are students are not affected by this ban.

    Tradeoff

    The rule limits federal rental aid costs by removing able-bodied young students from the program, but it may leave some low-income students without housing help.

    Show the exact bill text

    No assistance shall be provided under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f) to any individual who-- (1) is enrolled as a student at an institution of higher education... (2) is under 24 years of age; (3) is not a veteran; (4) is unmarried; (5) does not have a dependent child;

49. Housing assistance property condition standards and enforcement

    Section 218 sets rules for federally assisted multifamily housing properties. Any owner receiving housing assistance payments must keep the property decent, safe, and sanitary. If a property fails a physical inspection or misses a 3-day deadline to fix urgent health and safety problems, the federal government must act. Within 15 days of a failed inspection, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) sends the owner a Notice of Default with a deadline to fix all problems. Copies go to tenants, the local government, lenders, and contract administrators. If the owner does not fix the problems in time, HUD can take several steps. These include replacing management, imposing fines, stopping rental assistance payments, transferring the property to a new owner, or asking a court to appoint a receiver. Fines collected must go toward improving conditions at affected properties, with priority given to tenants there. HUD must report to Congress every six months on properties with failing scores or poor management reviews.

    Who this affects

    Owners and managers of federally assisted multifamily housing receive stricter oversight and face penalties. Tenants in those buildings gain more protections and must be notified of any enforcement actions.

    Tradeoff

    Stronger enforcement can improve living conditions for tenants, but it also means owners face more government oversight and potential fines or loss of contracts.

    Show the exact bill text

    Any entity receiving housing assistance payments shall maintain decent, safe, and sanitary conditions, as determined by the Secretary, and comply with any standards under applicable State or local laws, rules, ordinances, or regulations relating to the physical condition of any property covered under a housing assistance payment contract.

50. Homeless assistance grant renewals without competition

    Section 244 tells the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) how to handle Homeless Assistance Grants for projects expiring in 2026. Before opening a competitive funding round, HUD must automatically renew all projects that expire in the first three months of 2026. If HUD has not finished awarding 2025 competitive grants by April 1, 2026, it must also renew projects expiring in the second quarter. If grants still have not been awarded by July 1, 2026, HUD must renew projects expiring in the third and fourth quarters as well. Each renewal must match the prior award amount, plus adjustments for cost-of-living and local fair market rent changes. Any money left over after renewals are done goes out through the normal competitive process. Being renewed does not disqualify a project from also applying in the 2025 or 2026 competitive rounds.

    Who this affects

    Nonprofit and government organizations running HUD-funded homeless assistance and housing projects. Homeless individuals and families served by those projects.

    Tradeoff

    Automatic renewals keep existing homeless services running without a gap, but they delay or reduce the pool of money available for new or different projects in the competitive process.

    Show the exact bill text

    the Secretary shall, prior to awarding any amounts through a notice of funding opportunity and notwithstanding any inconsistent provisions in such Acts or in subtitle C of title IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, non-competitively renew for one 12-month period all projects (including youth homelessness demonstration projects and shelter plus care projects) expiring during the first quarter of calendar year 2026

51. Limits on moving money between agency budget categories

    Section 405 sets rules for when federal agencies can move money from one budget category to another, which is called 'reprogramming.' Agencies cannot use this power to create new programs, cancel existing ones, or shift more than $5 million or 10 percent of a program's budget (whichever is smaller) without asking Congress first. Within 60 days of the bill becoming law, each agency must send Congress a detailed spending plan showing exactly how it plans to use its money. If an agency wants to move money beyond the allowed limits, it must give the House and Senate Appropriations Committees at least 30 days written notice and get their written approval before doing so.

    Who this affects

    All federal agencies funded by this bill are affected. Taxpayers are affected because it limits how agencies can quietly shift funds away from congressionally approved uses.

    Tradeoff

    Tighter rules keep Congress informed and in control of spending, but they also add steps that may slow agencies from responding quickly to changing needs.

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    augments existing programs, projects, or activities in excess of $5,000,000 or 10 percent, whichever is less; (6) reduces existing programs, projects, or activities by $5,000,000 or 10 percent, whichever is less

52. Corrections to past congressionally directed project records

    Section 421 fixes errors in the official project lists from three earlier spending laws (2022, 2023, and 2024). It changes recipient names, project names, or small details for dozens of specific funded projects. For example, some projects were listed under the wrong organization, had the wrong street name, or had a description that no longer matched what the money would actually be used for. This section updates those records so the legal documents match the real plans.

    Who this affects

    Local governments, nonprofits, housing authorities, and other organizations that received congressionally directed funds in fiscal years 2022, 2023, and 2024. The changes affect the official paperwork for their grants, not the amount of money they receive.

    Tradeoff

    Correcting the records makes oversight clearer, but the changes happen without a new public vote, so the public relies on Congress to ensure the updates are accurate and not misused.

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    the item relating to ``Laconia, NH Hill Street Pedestrian Bridge Replacement'' is deemed to be amended by striking ``Hill Street'' and inserting ``Mill Street'';

53. Renaming a housing voucher program for foster youth

    This section gives an official name to a specific housing program. The program is funded under the 'Tenant-Based Rental Assistance' account in the public and Indian housing section of this Act. It is a rental voucher program for young people aging out of the foster care system. The section says that program shall be called 'The Melania Trump Foster Youth to Independence Initiative.' No new money is created or cut. The only change is the official name.

    Who this affects

    Young adults who have aged out of foster care and receive rental vouchers through this housing program. It also affects the agencies that administer the program, since they must use the new name.

    Tradeoff

    The section changes only a program name and does not alter funding levels or eligibility rules, so there is no direct budget tradeoff.

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    The assistance made available under paragraph (5)(B) under the heading ``Public and Indian Housing--Tenant-Based Rental Assistance'' in title II of this Act shall be known and designated as ``The Melania Trump Foster Youth to Independence Initiative''.

54. Community Development Financial Institutions Fund funding

    This section gives $324,000,000 to the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund for fiscal year 2026. The money is split into specific uses. At least $188,000,000 goes to financial and technical help for community lenders, with priority given to those serving high-poverty areas (census tracts where at least 20% of people live in poverty). At least $28,000,000 goes to programs serving Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native communities. At least $40,000,000 goes to the Bank Enterprise Award program. At least $24,000,000 goes to a Healthy Food Financing Initiative, helping bring affordable food to distressed areas. At least $9,000,000 goes to small-dollar loan programs. At least $35,000,000 covers administrative costs. The section also caps bond and note guarantees at $500,000,000 and requires that at least 10% of most awards go to "persistent poverty counties," defined as counties with 20% or more poverty rates over the past 30 years.

    Who this affects

    Community development lenders, small businesses, and residents in low-income, high-poverty, and rural areas, including Native American communities and areas with limited access to healthy food.

    Tradeoff

    Directing funds to specific communities and poverty thresholds ensures targeted help, but it limits flexibility for the CDFI Fund to respond to other needs.

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    not less than $188,000,000...is available until September 30, 2027, for financial assistance and technical assistance...the CDFI Fund shall prioritize Financial Assistance awards to organizations that invest and lend in high-poverty areas

55. Bitcoin reserve and digital asset stockpile report

    Section 128 requires the Secretary of the Treasury to send a report to Congress within 90 days of the law's enactment. The report must explain what legal authorities were used to create the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile. It must also describe how those holdings affect the Treasury Forfeiture Fund, including any impact on law enforcement funding and payments to crime victims. The report must explain how Bitcoin and other digital assets would appear on the federal government's financial records. It must also list all outside contractors who hold custody of those assets.

    Who this affects

    The Secretary of the Treasury must produce the report. Congress, federal law enforcement agencies, and crime victims who rely on the Treasury Forfeiture Fund may be affected by the findings.

    Tradeoff

    The report increases transparency about a new government asset program, but it does not require any policy changes based on what the report finds.

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    the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit an itemized report... on the authorities used to establish the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile, the impact the reserve and/or stockpile has on the Treasury Forfeiture Fund (TFF) including specific impacts on funding for law enforcement and compensation for victims of crime

56. Budget impact statements for executive orders

    Section 202 requires the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) director to write a cost estimate for every executive order or presidential memo issued or canceled during fiscal year 2026. Each statement must include a plain summary of the budget impact. It must also list how each federal agency's spending will change over the next five fiscal years. The statement must cover effects on both mandatory and discretionary spending, as well as effects on government revenues.

    Who this affects

    The OMB director must produce these statements. Federal agencies and Congress receive the cost information. Taxpayers can see the expected costs of executive actions.

    Tradeoff

    This adds a transparency and accountability step for executive actions, but it also adds a paperwork requirement for OMB each time the President issues or revokes an order.

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    any Executive order or Presidential memorandum issued or revoked by the President shall be accompanied by a written statement from the Director of the Office of Management and Budget on the budgetary impact, including costs, benefits, and revenues, of such order or memorandum.

57. Office of National Drug Control Policy funding

    Section 204 gives the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) an extra $7,071,000 for salaries and expenses. This money must be used only for specific projects listed in a table in the explanatory statement that comes with this bill. No part of this money can be moved to any other purpose.

    Who this affects

    The Office of National Drug Control Policy and the specific drug-control initiatives named in the bill's explanatory statement.

    Tradeoff

    The funding adds resources for targeted drug control projects, but the strict limits on transferring the money reduce flexibility if needs change.

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    For an additional amount for ``Office of National Drug Control Policy, Salaries and Expenses'', $7,071,000, which shall be for initiatives in the amounts and for the projects specified in the table... Provided, That none of the funds made available by this section may be transferred for any other purpose.

58. Federal payment for school improvement in Washington D.C.

    This section gives $52,500,000 to a school choice program in Washington D.C. The money comes from the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act. The Department of Education uses the funds to give scholarships to eligible students. This includes students who did not receive a scholarship in past years. Up to $1,750,000 of the scholarship funds can pay for support activities like program administration and oversight. The money stays available until it is spent.

    Who this affects

    Students in Washington D.C. who are eligible for opportunity scholarships under the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act. The Department of Education administers the program.

    Tradeoff

    The funding gives some D.C. students access to school choice options, but it directs federal dollars to private school scholarships rather than to D.C.'s public school system.

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    For a Federal payment for a school improvement program in the District of Columbia, $52,500,000, to remain available until expended, for payments authorized under the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act

59. Election security grants for states

    This section gives $45 million to the Election Assistance Commission to pass along to states. States use the money to improve how they run federal elections, upgrade election technology, and strengthen election security. The Commission must send the payments within 45 days of the law taking effect. States must match 20 percent of their grant within two years. States must also file quarterly money reports and yearly progress reports. The Northern Mariana Islands is treated as a state for this program. Ten million dollars of the total comes from an existing presidential campaign fund rather than new money.

    Who this affects

    State and local election offices that run federal elections. Voters in those states may see updated election technology and improved security measures.

    Tradeoff

    States get federal money to improve election security, but they must provide a 20 percent match and meet reporting requirements to keep the funds.

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    $45,000,000 is provided to the Election Assistance Commission for necessary expenses to make payments to States for activities to improve the administration of elections for Federal office, including to enhance election technology and make election security improvements

60. Allowances and office staff for former presidents

    This section sets aside $5,353,000 to pay for the office expenses and staff of former U.S. presidents. The spending follows rules set by a 1958 law and a 1978 law. Those laws let former presidents receive money for things like office space, staff salaries, and other basic costs after they leave office.

    Who this affects

    Former U.S. presidents who are eligible for post-presidential benefits under federal law. Taxpayers fund these expenses.

    Tradeoff

    Former presidents receive continued government support for their offices, which costs taxpayers money but is meant to help them fulfill public duties after leaving office.

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    For carrying out the provisions of the Act of August 25, 1958 (3 U.S.C. 102 note), and Public Law 95-138, $5,353,000.

61. Small Business Administration entrepreneurial development programs

    This section sets aside $330 million for programs that help people start and grow small businesses. The money is split among 16 specific programs. The largest share, $150 million, goes to Small Business Development Centers. Another $41 million supports training for businesses that get small loans through the microloan program. Other funds go to Women's Business Centers ($27 million), veteran outreach including the Boots to Business Program ($21.4 million), SCORE mentoring ($17 million), export assistance ($20 million), HUBZone help ($4 million), cybersecurity training ($3 million), Native American business outreach ($5.3 million), and several other programs. About $82 million of the total can carry over past the end of the fiscal year through September 2027.

    Who this affects

    Small business owners, aspiring entrepreneurs, veterans, women business owners, Native American business owners, and people seeking microloans or export help.

    Tradeoff

    Spreading $330 million across 16 programs gives many groups access to help, but each individual program gets a limited share of the total funds.

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    For necessary expenses of programs supporting entrepreneurial and small business development, $330,000,000, of which $82,000,000 shall remain available until September 30, 2027

62. Limits on moving money between agency budgets (reprogramming rules)

    Section 608 sets strict rules on when agencies can move money from one purpose to another, called 'reprogramming.' Agencies cannot create new programs, cancel existing ones, or shift more than $5 million (or 10 percent, whichever is smaller) without first getting approval from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Agencies also cannot use money in ways Congress has specifically blocked. Before any big reorganization or office closing, agencies must consult with those committees. Within 60 days of this law passing, every funded agency must send the committees a detailed spending baseline report. If an agency misses that deadline, its salaries and expenses budget is cut by $100,000 for every day the report is late.

    Who this affects

    All federal agencies funded by this Act are affected. Congressional Appropriations Committees gain oversight power over how agencies use their budgets.

    Tradeoff

    The rules give Congress more control over how agencies spend money, but they also add reporting steps that agencies must complete before acting quickly on budget needs.

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    none of the funds provided in this Act...shall be available for obligation or expenditure through a reprogramming of funds that: (1) creates a new program; (2) eliminates a program, project, or activity...unless prior approval is received from the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate

63. Inspector general access to agency records

    Section 623 says no money in this act can be used to block an inspector general from seeing records at the agency they oversee. Agencies must give their inspector general access to all records, documents, and materials in a timely way. The only exception is a law that specifically names the inspector general and specifically limits their access. Inspectors general must still follow any rules about keeping certain information private. If an agency refuses or delays access, the inspector general must report that to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees within 5 calendar days.

    Who this affects

    All federal agencies funded by this act and their inspectors general. It also affects Congress, which receives reports of any access problems.

    Tradeoff

    Agencies gain a narrow exception to block access when a law names the inspector general directly, but in exchange they must provide broad and timely access in all other cases.

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    No funds provided in this Act shall be used to deny an Inspector General funded under this Act timely access to any records, documents, or other materials available to the department or agency over which that Inspector General has responsibilities under chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code, or to prevent or impede that Inspector General's access to such records, documents, or other materials, under any provision of law, except a provision of law that expressly refers to the Inspector General and expressly limits the Inspector General's right of access.

64. Office redecoration spending limit and notice requirement

    Section 710 sets a $5,000 limit on spending to furnish, redecorate, or buy furniture for the office of any presidential appointee or federal official. If a planned purchase or renovation will cost more than $5,000, the agency must notify both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees before any money is spent. The word 'office' covers the full suite of rooms assigned to that person, plus any other space they mainly use or control.

    Who this affects

    All presidential appointees and federal officials who have office space funded by the government. Taxpayers who fund those offices are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    The cap and notice requirement limit spending on office upgrades, but they also add a reporting step that could slow routine maintenance or necessary workspace improvements.

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    no funds may be obligated or expended in excess of $5,000 to furnish or redecorate the office of such department head, agency head, officer, or employee, or to purchase furniture or make improvements for any such office, unless advance notice of such furnishing or redecoration is transmitted to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

65. No tracking of personal internet use by federal agencies

    Section 725 says federal agencies cannot spend money to collect personal information about which websites people visit. This covers both government websites and private websites. Agencies also cannot pay a third party to collect that information for them. There are four exceptions. First, agencies can collect data that does not identify specific people. Second, people can voluntarily share their own information. Third, law enforcement, regulatory, or supervisory work is still allowed. Fourth, website operators can take security actions to protect their own systems.

    Who this affects

    Anyone who visits a federal government website. Federal agencies that run websites or work with outside contractors to analyze web traffic.

    Tradeoff

    Protecting individual privacy limits the data agencies can use to improve their websites or spot patterns in how people use government services.

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    None of the funds made available in this or any other Act may be used by any Federal agency-- (1) to collect, review, or create any aggregation of data, derived from any means, that includes any personally identifiable information relating to an individual's access to or use of any Federal Government Internet site of the agency

66. Pay freeze for high-level political appointees in 2026

    Section 747 freezes pay for certain top government officials during calendar year 2026. The Vice President's pay stays at the December 31, 2025 rate. Senior political appointees paid at or above the Executive Schedule Level IV rate cannot get a pay increase during 2026. This includes noncareer Senior Executive Service members and others serving under political appointments at that pay level. Regular career employees who are not political appointees are not affected. An employee can still get a raise if they move to a higher-level job with a pre-set higher pay range. Anyone newly hired into one of these positions starts at the December 31, 2025 pay rates.

    Who this affects

    The Vice President, senior political appointees, and noncareer Senior Executive Service employees paid at or above the Executive Schedule Level IV rate. Career civil servants and Foreign Service employees are generally not affected.

    Tradeoff

    The freeze saves money and limits pay growth for high-level political officials, but it may make it harder to attract or keep qualified people in top government roles.

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    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any employee paid a rate of basic pay... at or above the official rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule who serves under a political appointment may not receive a pay rate increase during calendar year 2026, except as provided in subsection (i).

67. Needle distribution location restrictions in D.C.

    Section 807 says federal money in this bill cannot be used to hand out needles or syringes in Washington, D.C. The purpose of such programs is to lower the spread of blood-borne diseases like HIV. However, the restriction applies only to locations that local public health or law enforcement officials have already decided are not suitable for that kind of distribution. If local authorities have not flagged a location, the restriction does not apply there.

    Who this affects

    People who run or use needle distribution programs in D.C., and the local public health and law enforcement officials who decide which sites are appropriate.

    Tradeoff

    The rule limits federal spending on needle distribution in some locations, which may reduce disease-prevention access in those spots while giving local officials the power to decide where the limit applies.

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    None of the Federal funds contained in this Act may be used to distribute any needle or syringe for the purpose of preventing the spread of blood borne pathogens in any location that has been determined by the local public health or local law enforcement authorities to be inappropriate for such distribution.

68. DC college tuition grant increases

    Section 820 raises the dollar limits in the District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999. That law helps DC residents pay for college. For the main tuition grant, the yearly cap per student rises from $10,000 to $15,000. The total lifetime cap rises from $50,000 to $75,000. For a separate, smaller grant program, the yearly cap rises from $2,500 to $3,750, and the lifetime cap rises from $12,500 to $18,750. The section also adds a new step to the funding process. When money runs short, agencies must first cut grants above the lower threshold before cutting all grants equally.

    Who this affects

    DC residents who use these college tuition grants. Colleges and universities that enroll those students also see changes in how aid is calculated.

    Tradeoff

    Students can receive more aid per year and over a lifetime, but the added cost must be covered within the program's available funding, which could mean fewer students receive grants if money is limited.

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    in subsection (a)(2)(A), by striking ``$10,000'' and inserting ``$15,000''; (B) in subsection (a)(2)(B), by striking ``$50,000'' and inserting ``$75,000''

69. U.S. payments for international peacekeeping activities

    This section sets aside $1.23 billion for U.S. payments toward United Nations peacekeeping missions. About half of that money can be spent through September 2027. Before the U.S. votes in the Security Council to start or expand any peacekeeping mission, Congress must be told the mission's cost, expected length, goals, national interest served, and exit plan. The Secretary of State must also certify, mission by mission, that the U.N. is working to stop its personnel and troops from trafficking people, sexually abusing them, or violating human rights, and that it holds offenders accountable. U.S. troops may not serve under foreign command unless the President's military advisors recommend it and the President tells Congress. Funds can also be withheld if U.S. companies are not given equal chances to supply equipment and services for peacekeeping operations.

    Who this affects

    U.S. taxpayers who fund the payments, U.N. peacekeeping mission personnel, and people in countries where those missions operate.

    Tradeoff

    Providing this funding supports international peace efforts, but attaching conditions on human rights, oversight, and U.S. command adds reporting requirements and could delay or limit U.S. participation in missions.

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    none of the funds made available by this Act shall be obligated or expended for any new or expanded United Nations peacekeeping mission unless, at least 15 days in advance of voting for such mission in the United Nations Security Council (or in an emergency as far in advance as is practicable), the Committees on Appropriations are notified of: (1) the estimated cost and duration of the mission, the objectives of the mission, the national interest that will be served, and the exit strategy

70. Global health programs funding

    This section gives about $3.5 billion for global health work in developing countries. The money goes to programs like child and maternal health, vaccines, HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention, tuberculosis, malaria, and family planning. Funds must go directly to the State Department. The section also adds about $5.9 billion specifically for HIV/AIDS, including up to $1.25 billion for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Several rules apply to the family planning money. No funds can go to groups that support forced abortions or forced sterilization. No funds can pay for abortions as a family planning method. Family planning projects must offer a wide range of methods, cannot use birth quotas, cannot pay people to accept services, and must give accurate health information. Information about condoms must be medically accurate and include failure rates.

    Who this affects

    People in developing countries who receive global health aid. U.S. and foreign organizations that apply for family planning or health program funding.

    Tradeoff

    The funding supports a wide range of global health programs, but strict rules on abortion and family planning limit which organizations can receive the money.

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    none of the funds made available in this Act nor any unobligated balances from prior appropriations Acts may be made available to any organization or program which, as determined by the President of the United States, supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization

71. Peace Corps funding and rules

    This section gives the Peace Corps $410,500,000 for its operations. Of that amount, $7,800,000 goes to the agency's Inspector General. Funds are available through September 30, 2027. The Peace Corps director can move up to $5,000,000 into a special account to cover foreign currency changes, but that money cannot come from overseas operations funds. Up to $104,000 can cover representation expenses, and up to $4,000 of that can be used for entertainment. Before opening, closing, or suspending any office or country program, the Peace Corps must consult with the congressional Appropriations Committees, unless volunteers or staff face serious safety risk. None of the funds may pay for abortions, though a standing exception from prior law still applies.

    Who this affects

    Peace Corps volunteers, staff, and the overseas communities where the agency operates. U.S. taxpayers fund the program.

    Tradeoff

    Providing more funding keeps programs running and protects volunteers, but it also adds congressional oversight requirements that could slow program changes.

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    For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), including the purchase of not to exceed five passenger motor vehicles for administrative purposes for use outside of the United States, $410,500,000, of which $7,800,000 is for the Office of Inspector General, to remain available until September 30, 2027

72. Contributions to international development banks and funds

    This section sets aside money for the U.S. Treasury to pay into several international financial institutions. These include the Global Environment Facility ($150 million), the International Development Association ($1.07 billion), the Asian Development Fund ($44 million), the African Development Bank ($55 million), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ($88 million). It also funds the International Fund for Agricultural Development ($54 million) and a Treasury program for contributions to international financial trust funds ($75 million). All funds remain available until spent. The $75 million Treasury program requires advance notice to Congress before money is committed.

    Who this affects

    U.S. taxpayers fund these payments. People in lower-income countries benefit from the development projects these institutions finance.

    Tradeoff

    These contributions support global development and U.S. financial influence in international institutions, but they require federal spending with no set expiration date on when the money must be used.

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    contribution to the international development association For payment to the International Development Association by the Secretary of the Treasury, $1,066,184,000, to remain available until expended.

73. Prohibition on aid to governments that came to power through a military coup

    Section 7008 blocks U.S. foreign aid money from going to any government whose elected leader was removed by a military coup. This applies to titles III through VI of the bill. Aid can restart only if the Secretary of State formally certifies to Congress that a democratically elected government has since taken office. Money can still be spent to support democratic elections or help a democratic transition, but Congress must be consulted first. The Secretary of State can also waive the ban for a specific program if doing so is in the national security interest of the United States, but must report that decision to the relevant congressional committees and still follow notification rules.

    Who this affects

    Foreign governments that came to power through a military coup, and people or organizations in those countries who might otherwise receive U.S. foreign aid.

    Tradeoff

    Cutting off aid punishes governments that removed elected leaders by force, but it may also hurt ordinary people in those countries who depend on U.S. assistance.

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    None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available pursuant to titles III through VI of this Act shall be obligated or expended to finance directly any assistance to the government of any country whose duly elected head of government is deposed by military coup d'etat or decree

74. Prohibition on taxation of U.S. foreign assistance

    Section 7013 says that U.S. foreign aid money cannot go to a country under a new agreement unless that agreement states the aid is tax-free or the foreign government will reimburse any taxes. The State Department must also work to update older agreements to match this rule. If a foreign government taxes U.S. aid programs in 2026 and has not paid that money back by September 30, 2027, the U.S. will withhold double that tax amount from future aid to that country. Money withheld this way gets redirected to countries that do not tax U.S. aid. The Secretary of State can make exceptions if a country has a working reimbursement plan or if broader U.S. foreign policy interests make it necessary.

    Who this affects

    Foreign governments that receive U.S. aid and tax those funds. U.S. contractors, grantees, and subcontractors working on foreign assistance programs are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Countries that tax U.S. aid risk losing future funding, which could pressure compliance, but the penalty could also reduce aid to places where it may still serve U.S. interests.

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    None of the funds appropriated under titles III through VI of this Act may be made available to provide assistance for a foreign country under a new bilateral agreement governing the terms and conditions under which such assistance is to be provided unless such agreement includes a provision stating that assistance provided by the United States shall be exempt from taxation, or reimbursed, by the foreign government

75. Notification requirements for foreign aid spending changes

    This section sets rules for when Congress must be told about changes to foreign aid spending. Agencies must give the Appropriations Committees at least 15 days' notice before starting new programs, closing posts, reorganizing offices, or shifting more than $1 million between programs. It also requires notice before spending money on specific countries such as Afghanistan, Egypt, Ukraine, and about 25 others. If an emergency forces skipping a notice, agencies must inform the committees within 3 days and explain why. The Secretary of State must also consult with the committees at least 7 days before publicly announcing a suspension of aid to any country. The Secretary must also report any time foreign aid money is diverted or destroyed.

    Who this affects

    Federal agencies that manage foreign aid, including the State Department and related offices. It also affects foreign governments that receive U.S. assistance.

    Tradeoff

    Stronger congressional oversight of foreign aid spending may slow agency decisions, but it keeps lawmakers informed before money is moved or programs are cut.

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    None of the funds provided under titles I, II, and VI of this Act...shall be available for obligation or expenditure for programs, projects, or activities through a reprogramming of funds in excess of $1,000,000 or 10 percent, whichever is less...unless the Committees on Appropriations are notified 15 days in advance of such reprogramming of funds.

76. Allocation tables and spending deviations for foreign aid funds

    This section sets rules for how foreign aid money in the bill gets divided up and spent. Funds must go to the specific countries and organizations listed in the bill's tables. The Secretary of State can spend up to 10 percent less than those listed amounts without special approval. Going further below that limit requires a written explanation to Congress. The cut cannot exceed 50 percent, and Congress must be consulted first. Global Health Programs are protected from any downward changes under this flexible authority. National Security Investment Programs have a tighter limit of only 5 percent below the listed amounts. The Secretary of State must also submit a required spending report to Congress within 45 days of the bill becoming law.

    Who this affects

    Foreign countries and international organizations receiving U.S. foreign aid are affected, as are U.S. agencies and officials managing those funds.

    Tradeoff

    The rules give the Secretary of State some flexibility to adjust aid amounts in unexpected situations, but they require written justification and Congressional notification to limit unchecked changes to planned spending.

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    the Secretary of State may only deviate up to 10 percent below the amounts specifically designated in the respective tables...such percentage may be exceeded only if the Secretary of State determines and reports in writing to the Committees on Appropriations on a case-by-case basis that such deviation is necessary to respond to significant, exigent, or unforeseen events

77. Separate accounts for foreign aid funds

    Section 7026 sets rules for how foreign governments must handle U.S. aid money. When U.S. assistance creates local currency in a foreign country, the foreign government must put that currency in a separate bank account. The State Department must sign an agreement with that government saying how much currency will be collected and how it can be spent. The money can only be used for approved aid activities or U.S. government operating costs in that country. When the U.S. gives a foreign country cash transfers, those funds must also stay in a separate account and cannot be mixed with other money. Before sending any cash transfer aid, the President must notify Congress at least 15 days ahead of time. That notice must explain how the money will be used and why it serves U.S. interests.

    Who this affects

    Foreign governments receiving U.S. foreign aid and the U.S. State Department and President are directly affected. U.S. taxpayers have an indirect interest because the rules are meant to track how aid money is spent.

    Tradeoff

    Stricter accounting rules make it harder to misuse aid funds, but they also add paperwork and notification steps that can slow down the delivery of assistance.

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    If assistance is made available to the government of a foreign country, under chapter 1 or 10 of part I or chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as cash transfer assistance or as nonproject sector assistance, that country shall be required to maintain such funds in a separate account and not commingle with any other funds.

78. Opposition to loans and capital increases benefiting China at international financial institutions

    This section covers several rules about U.S. involvement in international financial institutions (like the World Bank or regional development banks). First, no funds from this law can support a new capital increase at such an institution unless the President submits a budget request and the Treasury Secretary confirms the increase helps the institution reach its goals and does not raise China's voting share above the U.S. share (unless the Secretary certifies it is in the national interest). Second, the Treasury Secretary must direct U.S. representatives at multilateral development banks to vote against any loan or financial help to China. Third, within 120 days, the Treasury Secretary must report to Congress on any money that went from Treasury-overseen funds to China or to countries under U.S. sanctions.

    Who this affects

    U.S. taxpayers who fund international financial institutions, and countries seeking loans or capital support from those institutions. China is directly affected because U.S. representatives must oppose any lending to it.

    Tradeoff

    Blocking loans to China and limiting its voting power may reduce U.S. influence in negotiations, but supporters say it protects U.S. interests and prevents funds from benefiting a strategic rival.

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    The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director at each multilateral development bank to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan, extension of financial assistance, or technical assistance by such bank to the People's Republic of China.

79. International religious freedom funding and protections

    This section sets aside at least $40 million for programs that protect religious freedom around the world. The Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom oversees how that money is spent. Priority goes to countries already flagged by the U.S. government as serious violators of religious freedom. Separate humanitarian aid funds must also be used to help ethnic and religious minorities who face persecution, including victims of genocide. A special rule lets some of these funds go to minorities in Iraq and Syria even if other laws would normally block such aid.

    Who this affects

    Religious and ethnic minorities abroad who face persecution, genocide, or displacement. The Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom and related U.S. government offices manage the funds.

    Tradeoff

    Directing at least $40 million to religious freedom programs targets help where persecution is worst, but it reduces flexibility to shift those funds to other foreign aid priorities.

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    not less than $40,000,000 shall be made available for international religious freedom programs: Provided, That such funds shall be the responsibility of the Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom, in consultation with other relevant United States Government officials: Provided further, That such funds shall be prioritized for programs in countries designated as a country of particular concern for religious freedom

80. Countering fentanyl and synthetic drug trafficking

    Section 7036 sets aside at least $150 million from two foreign aid accounts to fight the flow of fentanyl, fentanyl-making chemicals, and other synthetic drugs into the United States. This money is on top of any other funds already budgeted for this purpose. The funds can be used to stop drug shipments from China, Mexico, and other countries. They can also support law enforcement cooperation and help foreign agencies build the ability to break up drug networks.

    Who this affects

    Foreign governments and law enforcement agencies that receive U.S. aid, especially in China and Mexico. American agencies that manage these programs are also involved.

    Tradeoff

    Spending at least $150 million abroad on drug interdiction may reduce fentanyl entering the U.S., but it directs foreign aid dollars toward enforcement rather than other programs.

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    not less than $150,000,000 shall be made available for programs to counter the flow of fentanyl, fentanyl precursors, and other synthetic drugs into the United States: Provided, That such funds shall be in addition to funds otherwise made available for such purposes.

81. Limits on aid to the Palestinian Authority

    Section 7040 blocks funds from being sent to the Palestinian Authority (PA) under a specific foreign aid program. The President can lift this block by sending a written waiver to Congress, but each waiver lasts no more than six months and cannot extend past 12 months after the law is enacted. When the President uses this waiver, a report must explain why, how the money will be spent, and what accounting controls are in place. The report must also describe steps the PA has taken to arrest terrorists and dismantle terrorist networks. If the waiver is used, the Secretary of State must certify that the PA has one central treasury account, one payroll system, no separate financing channels, and is working to reduce anti-Israeli violence and support peace efforts. Separately, no funds may go to Hamas, any government Hamas controls or heavily influences, or to personnel of the PA in Gaza. Aid to a power-sharing government that includes Hamas is only allowed if the President certifies that all its ministers follow specific peace principles set in U.S. law. No funds may go to the Palestine Liberation Organization.

    Who this affects

    U.S. taxpayers whose foreign aid dollars are restricted. The Palestinian Authority, Hamas, and related governing bodies are directly affected by whether funds can reach them.

    Tradeoff

    The restrictions give Congress strong oversight over aid to Palestinian governing bodies, but they also limit the President's flexibility to respond quickly to changing diplomatic or security conditions.

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    None of the funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the provisions of chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 may be obligated or expended with respect to providing funds to the Palestinian Authority.

82. Middle East country-specific foreign aid rules

    This section sets rules for how U.S. foreign aid money can be used in several Middle East countries. For Iran, it directs funds toward stopping Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, enforcing sanctions, and supporting democracy programs. It also requires the Secretary of State to report on U.S. sanctions against Iran within 180 days. For Israel, it requires at least $3.3 billion in military aid grants, which must be sent within 30 days of the law taking effect, with at least $250.3 million spent on defense purchases inside Israel. For Jordan, it sets aside at least $1.65 billion in total aid, including budget support and military financing, plus an extra $400 million from a separate account. For Lebanon, it limits aid to the Lebanese army and police only if they are not controlled by a terrorist group, and focuses military aid on fighting terrorism, securing borders, and following a UN resolution. For Syria, it allows non-lethal aid but blocks money from helping Iran, Russian interests, or terrorist groups. For the West Bank and Gaza, it requires oversight reports, limits aid to the Palestinian Authority under certain conditions (such as if Palestinians seek UN statehood outside a negotiated deal with Israel), and requires ongoing checks to make sure aid does not reach Hamas or other extremist groups.

    Who this affects

    U.S. taxpayers funding foreign aid, and people in Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank and Gaza who receive or are affected by U.S. assistance.

    Tradeoff

    The rules direct large sums to allies and set strict oversight requirements, but they also limit flexibility for U.S. diplomats to respond quickly to changing conditions in the region.

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    Of the funds appropriated by this Act under the heading ``Foreign Military Financing Program'', not less than $3,300,000,000 shall be available for grants only for Israel: Provided, That funds appropriated by this Act under the heading ``Foreign Military Financing Program'' and made available for assistance for Israel shall be disbursed within 30 days of the date of enactment of this Act.

83. Aid rules for African Great Lakes countries

    This section covers U.S. foreign aid rules for several countries in the African Great Lakes region. At least $60 million must go toward supporting a June 2025 peace deal between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda. That money can also help Burundi and Uganda. Separate funds go to the DRC for farming, health, law enforcement, humanitarian help, and programs against violence toward women and girls. Rwanda gets funds for child and mother health, malaria programs, and education reform. Military education aid to any Great Lakes country central government is limited until the Secretary of State confirms that government is not helping armed groups destabilize neighbors. Funds also go to programs fighting the Lord's Resistance Army and other armed groups in eastern DRC and Central African Republic, including helping former child soldiers leave those groups.

    Who this affects

    People in the DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and nearby areas, including conflict survivors, child soldiers, and civilians. U.S. taxpayers fund these programs.

    Tradeoff

    The spending supports peace, health, and security in a troubled region, but military aid is restricted until governments meet certain conduct requirements, which could delay assistance.

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    not less than $60,000,000 shall be made available for such purposes, which are in addition to amounts made available for assistance for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda

84. Taiwan foreign military aid and cooperation

    This section sets aside money for Taiwan from several funding pools. At least $300 million goes to the Foreign Military Financing Program for Taiwan's defense. The Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense must prioritize getting defense equipment delivered to Taiwan. An additional $4 million goes to the Global Cooperation and Training Framework, run by the American Institute in Taiwan. Funds can also be used for direct loans and loan guarantees to Taiwan for defense costs. Money set aside under the 'Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan' heading supports the Taiwan Fellowship Program. Within 60 days of the law taking effect, the Secretary of State must consult with the Appropriations Committees about how all these Taiwan funds will be used.

    Who this affects

    Taiwan's government and military, U.S. defense and diplomatic agencies, and American fellowship participants in Taiwan programs.

    Tradeoff

    Directing at least $300 million and loan authority to Taiwan's defense builds a closer security partnership, but commits significant U.S. funds and diplomatic resources to that relationship.

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    Of the funds appropriated by this Act under the heading ``Foreign Military Financing Program'', not less than $300,000,000 shall be made available for assistance for Taiwan: Provided, That the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall prioritize the delivery of defense articles and services for Taiwan.

85. Western Hemisphere foreign aid conditions and restrictions

    This section sets rules for U.S. foreign aid to several countries in the Western Hemisphere. For El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, military financing is blocked except for humanitarian and disaster programs. For Colombia, 25 percent of drug-control funds can only be spent if the Secretary of State confirms Colombia is cutting coca crops, cooperating on drug operations, and honoring extradition requests. For Cuba, at least $25 million must go to democracy programs, and payments to Cuban military or security ministries are banned. For Mexico, all aid is blocked until the Secretary of State confirms Mexico is delivering water owed under a 1944 treaty, and 30 percent of other funds require proof Mexico is fighting fentanyl trafficking. Nicaragua gets at least $15 million for democracy and religious freedom programs. Haiti can receive up to $5 million for non-lethal support for its armed forces. Venezuela gets $50 million directed toward democracy programs. The section also requires a report on countries that pay Cuba for the labor of Cuban medical workers, and cuts off aid to any country listed in that report for two straight years.

    Who this affects

    U.S. government agencies that deliver foreign aid, and the governments of Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, as well as Cuban medical professionals working abroad.

    Tradeoff

    Attaching conditions to aid gives Congress more oversight and can pressure foreign governments, but it may slow or stop assistance that benefits ordinary citizens in those countries.

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    Of the funds appropriated by this Act under the heading ``International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement'' that are made available for assistance for Colombia, 25 percent may be obligated only if the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committees on Appropriations that in the previous 12 months the Government of Colombia has-- (i) reduced overall coca cultivation, production, and drug trafficking; (ii) continued cooperating with the United States on joint counternarcotics operations; and (iii) maintained extradition cooperation with the United States.

86. Restrictions on U.S. aid to Russia and limits on recognizing Russian territorial claims

    This section blocks U.S. funds from going to the Russian government. It also blocks aid to any country that the Secretary of State finds is helping Russia annex parts of Ukraine. U.S. money cannot be used to recognize Russian control over Crimea or other occupied Ukrainian territory. The Treasury Department must direct U.S. representatives at international banks to vote against loans or grants that would undermine Ukraine's territorial integrity. Similar rules apply to Russia's occupation of two Georgian territories, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. At least $300 million must go toward a fund that counters Russian influence in Europe and nearby regions. All these restrictions end only if the Secretary of State reports that Ukraine has gotten back control of its occupied land.

    Who this affects

    Foreign governments that receive or seek U.S. aid, especially those in Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia. U.S. taxpayers fund the programs covered by these restrictions.

    Tradeoff

    The restrictions limit Russian access to U.S. support and protect Ukraine's sovereignty, but they also reduce the President's flexibility to direct foreign aid based on changing circumstances.

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    None of the funds appropriated by this Act may be made available for assistance for the central Government of the Russian Federation.

87. Internet freedom funding

    This section sets aside at least $78,375,000 from this bill's funds for programs that promote free and open internet access around the world. The programs must follow rules set in a 2022 law about internet freedom. The money goes toward efforts to help people in other countries access the internet without censorship or government interference.

    Who this affects

    People in countries where internet access is restricted or censored. It also affects U.S. agencies and groups that run internet freedom programs overseas.

    Tradeoff

    Dedicating at least $78.4 million for internet freedom programs means that much less is available for other foreign assistance priorities.

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    Of the funds appropriated by this Act, not less than $78,375,000 shall be made available for programs to promote Internet freedom globally, consistent with section 9707 of the Department of State Authorization Act of 2022

88. Ban on funding the Wuhan Institute of Virology

    This section blocks any money from this spending bill from going to the Wuhan Institute of Virology in Wuhan, China. The ban applies no matter what other laws might say. No exception is listed. No waiver is allowed.

    Who this affects

    The Wuhan Institute of Virology cannot receive any funds from this bill. U.S. agencies that might otherwise partner with or grant money to that lab are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    The ban stops any possible U.S. funding to that specific lab, but it also prevents any future scientific or public-health cooperation with that institution, even if circumstances change.

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    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, none of the funds made available by this Act may be made available to the Wuhan Institute of Virology located in the City of Wuhan in the People's Republic of China.

89. Agency reorganization rules

    Section 7063 limits how federal agencies funded by this bill can reorganize themselves. Before any agency can expand, shrink, merge, or eliminate offices or overseas posts, its leader must first consult with the relevant congressional committees. The agency must also formally notify the Committees on Appropriations and include a detailed written explanation for any planned change. This covers actions like closing or combining bureaus, reducing overseas diplomatic offices, and changing the size of the State Department workforce from what Congress was told to expect for 2026.

    Who this affects

    The Department of State and all other federal agencies and organizations funded by this bill are affected. Foreign Service staff, civil servants, and locally employed workers overseas could be affected by any workforce changes.

    Tradeoff

    Requiring prior consultation and notification gives Congress more oversight of agency changes, but it may slow down restructuring that an administration wants to carry out quickly.

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    Funds appropriated by this Act...may not be used to implement a reorganization, redesign, or other plan described in subsection (b) by the Department of State or any other Federal department, agency, or organization funded by this Act without prior consultation by the head of such department, agency, or organization with the appropriate congressional committees

90. Nuclear energy support at multilateral development banks

    This section directs the U.S. Treasury Secretary to push major international development banks, such as the World Bank, to lift their bans on funding nuclear energy projects. It covers nuclear technologies that meet safety standards set by the U.S. or other OECD member countries, including small modular reactors. The section also requires these banks to create special "Nuclear Energy Assistance Trust Funds" to help poorer countries build and use nuclear power. The Treasury Secretary must advocate for these changes using the U.S. vote and influence at each bank. Progress must be reported annually for seven years. The rules expire ten years after the law is enacted.

    Who this affects

    Developing countries seeking energy financing from international banks. It also affects U.S. nuclear energy companies that may benefit from expanded international markets.

    Tradeoff

    Expanding nuclear energy financing through international banks could increase clean energy access in developing countries, but it also commits U.S. diplomatic and financial resources to promote a specific energy technology.

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    The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and, as the Secretary finds appropriate, any other multilateral development bank...to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to advocate for-- (1) the removal of prohibitions at the respective bank against financial and technical assistance for the generation, transmission, and distribution of nuclear energy, to the extent that the prohibitions apply to nuclear technologies, including small modular reactors, that meet or exceed the quality and safety standards of technologies produced by the United States or a member country of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

91. Rescinding unspent State Department and foreign aid funds

    This section takes back money that was approved in earlier budget bills but never spent. The money comes from seven specific programs run by the State Department and related agencies. The amounts cut are: $900 million from consular and border security, $25 million from educational and cultural exchanges, about $64 million from debt restructuring, $57 million from a democracy fund, about $661 million from the Millennium Challenge Corporation, about $179 million from international drug control and law enforcement, and $50 million from peacekeeping operations. Together, these cuts total roughly $1.94 billion. One rule protects some money: funds that Congress previously labeled as emergency spending cannot be cut under this section.

    Who this affects

    Federal agencies that run these programs, and foreign countries or organizations that were expecting to receive this funding.

    Tradeoff

    Removing unspent funds reduces the federal deficit, but it also eliminates money that could have been used for diplomacy, drug control, peacekeeping, and foreign aid programs.

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    Of the unobligated balances from amounts made available under the heading ``Consular and Border Security Programs'' from prior Acts making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs, $900,000,000 are permanently rescinded.

92. Streamlined Medicaid enrollment for out-of-state providers treating children

    This section changes how states enroll health care providers who live in a different state but want to treat children on Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Right now, each state can require its own screening and paperwork from these providers. Under this section, states must create a simpler sign-up process. If a provider is already screened and enrolled in Medicare or another state's Medicaid plan, and has a low fraud risk rating, the state can only ask for basic information like the provider's name and National Provider Identifier number. Once enrolled through this process, the provider stays enrolled for five years, unless they are removed for cause. The rule applies to providers treating patients under age 21. States have three years from the date the law passes to put this process in place.

    Who this affects

    Out-of-state health care providers who want to treat Medicaid or CHIP patients under age 21. It also affects state Medicaid agencies, which must build the new enrollment process.

    Tradeoff

    The simpler process may make it easier for children to see out-of-state providers, but it also limits how much extra screening states can require, which could reduce a state's ability to catch fraud from providers it has not vetted itself.

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    adopts and implements a process to allow an eligible out-of-State provider to enroll under the State plan (or a waiver of such plan) to furnish items and services to, or order, prescribe, refer, or certify eligibility for items and services for, qualifying individuals without the imposition of screening or enrollment requirements by such State that exceed the minimum necessary

93. Medicaid coverage rules for military families who relocate

    Starting January 1, 2030, states must treat relocated active-duty service members and their dependents as state residents for Medicaid eligibility. This applies when a service member is ordered to move to a new state. If the person was already on a waiting list for home and community-based care in their old state, they keep their place on that list after moving. The new state must assess their eligibility when a slot opens up. The person can choose not to be treated as a resident if they prefer. Congress sets aside $1 million per year from 2026 through 2030 to help states put these rules in place.

    Who this affects

    Active-duty military members, recently retired service members (within 12 months of leaving service), and their dependents who receive Medicaid or are on a Medicaid home and community-based services waiting list and move to a new state due to military orders.

    Tradeoff

    Military families gain Medicaid continuity when they move, but states must take on new administrative duties and costs to track eligibility and waiting list placement across state lines.

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    provide, with respect to an active duty relocated individual (as defined in subsection (yy)(1))-- ``(A) that, for purposes of determining eligibility for medical assistance under the State plan (or waiver of such plan), such active duty relocated individual is treated as a resident of the State unless such individual voluntarily elects not to be so treated for such purposes

94. Extension of Medicare telehealth flexibilities

    This section extends several Medicare telehealth rules that were set to expire in early 2026. Patients can still receive telehealth care from home, not just from a clinic or rural area. More types of health care providers can offer telehealth visits. Federally qualified health centers and rural health clinics can keep providing telehealth services. For mental health care by telehealth, the requirement to also have an in-person visit is delayed until 2028. Patients who cannot use video can still use audio-only calls through late 2027. Hospice patients can use telehealth for required check-ins, but with some new limits starting January 2026, such as not allowing it in areas with a hospice enrollment freeze. Starting in 2027, providers must add special codes to claims when telehealth is done through a virtual platform company or billed as part of another service.

    Who this affects

    Medicare patients who use telehealth, including those in rural areas and those getting mental health or hospice care. Doctors, nurses, and other providers who bill Medicare for telehealth services.

    Tradeoff

    Extending these rules keeps telehealth access open for patients, but it also delays a requirement for in-person mental health check-ins and adds new billing code rules that providers must follow.

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    in paragraph (2)(B)(iii), by striking ``ending January 30, 2026'' and inserting ``ending December 31, 2027''

95. Hospital care at home program extended through 2030

    This section extends a Medicare program called Acute Hospital Care at Home. That program lets hospitals treat certain patients at home instead of in a hospital bed. The current deadline was January 30, 2026. This section moves that deadline to September 30, 2030. It also requires a new government study, due by September 30, 2029. The study must compare home-based care to regular inpatient care on many points: health outcomes, readmission rates, costs, staffing, and patient experience. It must also look at whether patients who receive home care are different from patients who stay in the hospital, so researchers can account for selection bias. A report must go to Congress and be posted publicly online. The government gets $2.5 million to pay for the study.

    Who this affects

    Medicare patients who could receive hospital-level care at home, and hospitals that take part in this program.

    Tradeoff

    Extending the program lets more patients receive care at home, but it delays full evaluation of whether home-based hospital care is as safe and effective as in-person inpatient care.

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    Section 1866G(a)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395cc-7(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``January 30, 2026'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''.

96. Accurate Medicare Advantage provider directories

    Starting in 2028, Medicare Advantage plans that use networks must keep an up-to-date, public online list of their doctors and facilities. Plans must check each provider's information at least every 90 days. Hospitals may be checked less often, but no less than once a year. If a plan cannot confirm a provider's details, it must flag that entry as possibly outdated. If a provider leaves the network, the plan must remove them within 5 business days. If a patient books an appointment with a provider who is listed in the directory but is actually out-of-network, the patient pays no more than they would have paid for an in-network visit. Plans must also report accuracy scores to the government each year. Starting in 2029, those scores will be posted publicly online. Four million dollars is set aside for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to run these programs. A government watchdog report to Congress is due by January 2033.

    Who this affects

    People enrolled in Medicare Advantage network plans are directly affected. Medicare Advantage insurers, doctors, and other health providers listed in those directories are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Patients gain cost protections and clearer information, but insurers and providers will face added costs and work to verify and update directory information regularly.

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    remove a provider from such directory within 5 business days if the organization determines that the provider is no longer a provider participating in the network of such plan.

97. Medicare coverage of multi-cancer early detection screening tests

    This section adds coverage for multi-cancer early detection (MCED) screening tests to Medicare starting January 1, 2029. An MCED test checks a blood sample for signs of multiple types of cancer at the same time. To be covered, the test must be cleared or approved by the FDA and be found reasonable and necessary by the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Medicare will pay for one test per year per beneficiary. Coverage is limited to people ages 50 and older. The upper age limit starts at 65 in 2029 and rises by one year each following year. If the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force later gives an MCED test an A or B rating, those age limits no longer apply. The payment rate before 2031 is tied to the existing rate for a stool DNA colorectal cancer test. After 2031, Medicare pays whichever amount is lower. This section also makes clear that MCED testing does not reduce coverage for other cancer screenings, such as mammograms or colonoscopies. Two million dollars is set aside for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to carry out the program.

    Who this affects

    Medicare beneficiaries aged 50 and older who want a blood-based test that screens for multiple cancers at once. Providers and labs that offer MCED tests are also affected.

    Tradeoff

    Adding MCED screening gives Medicare patients earlier access to a new type of cancer test, but it also adds cost to the Medicare program since payment begins before the full evidence review process (a USPSTF rating) is complete.

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    ``(A) In general.--No payment may be made under this part for a multi-cancer early detection screening test furnished during a year to an individual if-- ``(i) such individual-- ``(I) is under 50 years of age; or ``(II) as of January 1 of such year, has attained the age specified in subparagraph (B) for such year; or ``(ii) such a test was furnished to the individual during the previous 11 months.

98. Pharmacy complaint process and PBM accountability in Medicare drug plans

    This section creates a formal way for pharmacies to report complaints against Medicare Part D drug plan sponsors starting in 2029. A pharmacy can file one complaint per year per contract if it believes the plan sponsor used unfair contract terms. The plan sponsor must hand over relevant documents when asked. The government can fine plan sponsors who break the rules or retaliate against pharmacies that complain. If a pharmacy files frivolous complaints repeatedly, the government can cut off its access to the complaint process. Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), the companies that manage drug benefits for plans, must reimburse the plan sponsor for any fines caused by the PBM's own wrongdoing starting in 2029. The government must publish a report every two years on how it is enforcing these rules. A total of $188 million is set aside for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to carry out this section.

    Who this affects

    Pharmacies and pharmacy benefit managers that work with Medicare Part D prescription drug plans are directly affected. Medicare enrollees could be indirectly affected if these rules change how drug benefits are managed.

    Tradeoff

    The new complaint process and fines give pharmacies more protection, but they add compliance costs and reporting requirements for plan sponsors and PBMs.

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    Not later than January 1, 2029, the Secretary shall establish a process through which a pharmacy may submit to the Secretary an allegation of a violation by a PDP sponsor offering a prescription drug plan of the standards for reasonable and relevant contract terms and conditions.

99. Pharmacy benefit manager reporting, audits, and enforcement in Medicare drug plans

    This section sets new rules for companies called pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), which manage prescription drug benefits for Medicare Part D plans. PBMs must give detailed annual reports to the drug plan sponsors. These reports must cover drug costs, rebates, fees kept by PBMs, and how much money PBM-owned pharmacies make compared to outside pharmacies. PBMs must also explain within 30 days any contracts with drug makers that tie rebates to how a drug is covered. Drug plan sponsors can request an audit of the PBM once a year and pick their own auditor. PBMs must hand over all records needed for the audit within six months. If a PBM breaks the rules, the plan sponsor can be reimbursed for any fines and can seek contract penalties. A confidential system must exist so pharmacies and other parties can report violations without fear of retaliation. The Secretary of Health and Human Services must set standard data formats for these reports by June 1, 2027. Most information shared under this section is kept confidential but can be reviewed by Congress, the Government Accountability Office, the Congressional Budget Office, and the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission.

    Who this affects

    Medicare Part D drug plan sponsors, pharmacy benefit managers and their affiliated pharmacies, drug manufacturers, and Medicare enrollees who use prescription drug benefits.

    Tradeoff

    Greater transparency into PBM finances and contracts may help lower drug costs for enrollees, but it also creates new reporting and audit burdens for PBMs and plan sponsors.

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    Not less than once a year, at the request of the PDP sponsor, the pharmacy benefit manager shall allow for an audit of the pharmacy benefit manager to ensure compliance with all terms and conditions under the written agreement described in this paragraph and the accuracy of information reported under subparagraph (C).

100. Separate ID numbers and attestations for off-campus hospital outpatient departments

     Starting January 1, 2028, Medicare will not pay for services at a hospital's off-campus outpatient department unless that department has its own National Provider Identifier number, separate from the main hospital's number. The department's hospital must also file a written statement (called an attestation) confirming the department meets federal rules for being classified as a provider-based facility. This attestation must be updated on a schedule set by the Department of Health and Human Services. HHS must create a formal process, through public rulemaking, to review these attestations and check compliance through site visits or audits. Congress is also giving HHS $20 million to set up that review process. The HHS Inspector General must report to Congress by January 1, 2030, on how well the review process is working.

     Who this affects

     Hospitals that operate outpatient departments located away from their main campus, and Medicare patients who receive services at those locations.

     Tradeoff

     The new requirements add administrative steps and costs for hospitals, but they are intended to give Medicare better visibility into which facilities are billing as hospital outpatient departments.

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     No payment may be made under this subsection...for items and services furnished on or after January 1, 2028, by an off-campus outpatient department of a provider...unless-- (i) such department has obtained, and such items and services are billed under, a National Provider Identifier that is separate from such identifier for such provider

101. 9/11 responder and survivor health funding

     This section changes how the World Trade Center Health Program gets its funding. From fiscal years 2026 through 2040, the program's funding grows each year. It starts with the prior year's amount, multiplies it by 1.07 (a 7% increase), then adjusts again based on how many people are enrolled in the program. More enrolled members means more funding. The section also requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to report to Congress within three years. That report must project the program's budget needs all the way through 2090, review past budget estimates versus actual spending, and suggest any formula changes needed to keep the program fully funded. Finally, the section makes small technical fixes so that only unobligated funds (money not yet committed) can be transferred between certain program accounts.

     Who this affects

     People enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Program, including first responders and survivors from the September 11, 2001 attacks. Taxpayers fund the program.

     Tradeoff

     Enrolling more people in the program increases annual funding automatically, which better covers growing medical costs but also increases federal spending over time.

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     "(xi) for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2040-- "(I) the amount determined under this subparagraph for the previous fiscal year multiplied by 1.07; multiplied by "(II) the ratio of-- "(aa) the total number of individuals enrolled in the WTC Program on July 1 of such previous fiscal year; to "(bb) the total number of individuals so enrolled on July 1 of the fiscal year prior to such previous fiscal year

102. Living organ donor reimbursement rules

     Section 6503 changes rules for a federal grant program that pays back people who donate organs. First, it says that when deciding how to reimburse a donor, the grant recipient cannot look at how much money the organ recipient earns. Second, it removes a rule that required organ recipients to pay some of those costs. Third, it requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to publish a yearly report to Congress starting in 2027. That report must say whether grant money was enough to fully repay all donors. It must also say how many donors did not get fully repaid and how much money would be needed to cover everyone.

     Who this affects

     People who donate organs and currently receive grant-funded reimbursement for their costs. Federal grant recipients who run these reimbursement programs are also affected.

     Tradeoff

     Donors may receive fairer reimbursement regardless of the recipient's income, but the program may need more funding to cover all donors fully.

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     the recipient of a grant under this section, in providing reimbursement to a donating individual through such grant, shall not give any consideration to the income of the organ recipient.

103. Limits on orphan drug market exclusivity

     Section 6605 changes how the FDA grants market exclusivity for orphan drugs. Orphan drugs treat rare diseases. Under old rules, one approved drug could block other drugs for the same rare disease for 7 years. Under the new rule, that 7-year block only applies to drugs with the exact same approved use or indication, not the entire disease. So a new drug could enter the market if it treats a different use within the same rare disease. These changes apply to all drugs already designated as orphan drugs, not just newly designated ones.

     Who this affects

     Drug companies that hold or seek orphan drug exclusivity, and patients with rare diseases who may gain access to additional treatment options.

     Tradeoff

     Narrowing exclusivity may encourage more competition and treatment options for rare diseases, but it could also reduce the financial reward that motivates companies to develop orphan drugs in the first place.

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     in subsection (a), in the matter following paragraph (2), by striking ``same disease or condition'' and inserting ``same approved use or indication within such rare disease or condition''

104. Pharmacy benefit manager reporting requirements

     This section requires pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to send detailed reports to health plans every six months. The reports must show drug prices, rebates, fees, and other payments. They must list what the plan paid for each drug and what the pharmacy was paid. They must also show how much patients paid out of pocket. If a PBM owns its own pharmacy, the report must compare its prices to other network pharmacies. Plans can ask for quarterly reports instead of every six months. All reports must be in plain language and a machine-readable format. These rules take effect 30 months after the law is enacted.

     Who this affects

     Group health plans, health insurers, and the PBMs that manage drug benefits on their behalf are all directly affected. Patients covered by these plans may gain access to a plain-language summary of drug spending and costs.

     Tradeoff

     Plans and patients gain more transparency into drug pricing and PBM payments, but health plans and PBMs will face new administrative costs to collect and report this detailed data.

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     the entity providing pharmacy benefit management services on behalf of such a group health plan or health insurance issuer, not less frequently than every 6 months...shall submit to the group health plan a report in accordance with this section. Each such report shall be made available to such group health plan in plain language, in a machine-readable format

105. Pharmacy benefit manager reporting and transparency rules

     This section requires pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to give detailed reports to the health plans they serve. The reports must cover drug costs, rebates, fees paid to brokers, mail-order pharmacy arrangements, and total drug spending. Plans with at least 100 employees or participants may also request extra detail. PBMs and plans that break the rules face fines of $10,000 per day. Knowingly providing false information can result in fines up to $100,000 per false item. Health plan members can request certain cost information about their own claims. The Secretary of Health and Human Services must create a standard reporting format within 18 months. All reports must follow existing privacy rules, including HIPAA.

     Who this affects

     Employers and plan sponsors who offer group health insurance, the PBMs who manage drug benefits for those plans, and workers and their dependents enrolled in those plans.

     Tradeoff

     Greater transparency into drug pricing and PBM payments could help employers and members understand costs, but it adds new reporting burdens and compliance costs for PBMs and health plans.

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     A group health plan, a health insurance issuer offering group health insurance coverage, an entity providing pharmacy benefit management services on behalf of such a plan or issuer...that violates subsection (a)...shall be subject to a civil monetary penalty in the amount of $10,000 for each day during which such violation continues or such information is not disclosed or reported.

106. Pharmacy benefit manager reporting requirements

     This section requires pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to send detailed reports to group health plans at least every six months. The reports must show drug-by-drug cost breakdowns, including what the plan paid, what the pharmacy was paid, and what the PBM kept in between. Reports must also show rebates and other payments the PBM received from drug makers. Plans can ask for quarterly reports instead. The information must be written in plain language and in a machine-readable format. PBMs must also disclose any payments made to brokers or consultants who helped steer business their way. If the PBM owns its own pharmacies, it must show how those pharmacies' prices compare to others in the network. A summary version of the report must be available to plan members on request. These rules take effect 30 months after the law is enacted.

     Who this affects

     Employers and unions that offer group health plans, health insurance companies, pharmacy benefit managers, and the workers and plan members who use those plans for drug coverage.

     Tradeoff

     Health plans and members gain more visibility into PBM costs and payments, but PBMs and insurers face new reporting work and possible disclosure of business arrangements they currently keep private.

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     the entity providing pharmacy benefit management services on behalf of such a group health plan or health insurance issuer, not less frequently than every 6 months... shall submit to the group health plan a report in accordance with this section. Each such report shall be made available to such group health plan in plain language, in a machine-readable format

107. Pharmacy benefit manager reporting and privacy rules

     This section sets rules for how pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) must report drug cost information to health plans. Reports must follow existing health privacy laws, including HIPAA. Reports can only contain summary health information, not individual patient details. Each year, health plans must send written notice to members explaining that PBMs are required to submit these reports. Health plans can only share the reports with the PBM that sent them or that PBM's business partners. PBMs may place limits on public release of report data, but they cannot block federal agencies from seeing it. The Secretary of Health and Human Services must set a standard reporting format within 18 months. If a plan or PBM breaks these rules, the Secretary can fine them up to $10,000 per day. Providing false information can bring a fine of up to $100,000 per item. A good-faith effort to comply can reduce or delay those penalties.

     Who this affects

     Group health plans, health insurance issuers, and pharmacy benefit managers (companies that manage drug benefits for employers and insurers). Workers and retirees enrolled in employer-sponsored health plans are also affected as plan participants.

     Tradeoff

     Greater transparency about drug pricing gives plan sponsors and members more information, but requires plans and PBMs to build new reporting systems and follow detailed privacy rules, which adds administrative work and cost.

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     The Secretary may impose a penalty against a plan administrator of a group health plan, a health insurance issuer offering group health insurance coverage, or an entity providing pharmacy benefit management services on behalf of such a plan or issuer... that violates section 726(a)... in the amount of $10,000 for each day during which such violation continues or such information is not disclosed or reported.

108. Pharmacy benefit manager reporting requirements for health plans

     This section requires pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to give detailed reports to group health plans. The reports must cover drug spending, rebates, and fees. For each drug dispensed, the PBM must list the cost, channel used (retail, mail, or specialty), and the net price after rebates. Plans must also get data on how much members paid out of pocket through copays and deductibles. If a PBM owns or is linked to a pharmacy, extra details about pricing at those pharmacies must be shared. Employers running large plans can opt in to receive even more detailed data. All reports must protect patient privacy under existing health privacy laws. The Secretary of Health and Human Services must create a standard reporting format within 18 months.

     Who this affects

     Workers and retirees enrolled in employer-sponsored health plans are affected, as are the companies that manage prescription drug benefits for those plans. Large employers that sponsor health plans must also comply with notice and opt-in rules.

     Tradeoff

     More detailed reporting can help employers and members understand drug costs and rebates, but it also creates new compliance work and costs for PBMs and health plans.

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     the net price per course of treatment or single fill, such as a 30-day supply or 90-day supply to the plan after rebates, fees, alternative discounts, or other remuneration received from applicable entities

109. Full rebate pass-through to health plans from pharmacy benefit managers

     This section requires pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to pass 100 percent of rebates, fees, and other payments they receive from drug makers back to the employer health plan or insurer. Starting 30 months after the law is enacted, any new PBM contract that keeps any of those payments is considered unreasonable under federal law. Rebates must be paid to the plan quarterly, within 90 days after each quarter ends. Plans have the right to audit rebate records at least once per year. PBMs can still charge separate, transparent service fees for managing the benefit. If a PBM fails to remit the required amounts, the plan's fiduciary is protected from penalties as long as the fiduciary did not know about the failure, asked the PBM in writing to fix it, and reported the problem to the Secretary of Labor within 90 days if the PBM did not comply.

     Who this affects

     Employer-sponsored group health plans, health insurers, and the pharmacy benefit managers that administer drug benefits on their behalf. Workers covered by those plans may be affected if rebates are used to lower their drug costs.

     Tradeoff

     Plans gain the right to all rebate money and better oversight of PBMs, but PBMs lose revenue they currently keep, which could lead them to raise transparent service fees instead.

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     no contract or arrangement or renewal or extension of a contract or arrangement, entered into on or after the effective date, for services between a covered plan and a covered service provider...for pharmacy benefit management services, is reasonable within the meaning of this paragraph unless such entity providing pharmacy benefit management services-- ``(aa) remits 100 percent of rebates, fees, alternative discounts, and other remuneration received from any applicable entity that are related to utilization of drugs or drug spending under such health plan or health insurance coverage, to the group health plan

110. More transparency in generic drug applications

     This section changes how the FDA handles generic drug applications. When a company wants to make a generic drug, it can ask the FDA whether its drug has the same ingredients at the same levels as the brand-name drug. The FDA must answer that question. If the drugs do not match, the FDA must tell the company which ingredients are different and by how much. If the FDA says the drugs do match, it generally cannot take that back later, unless the brand-name drug's formula changed for safety reasons or the FDA made a clear error. The FDA must put any reversal in writing and notify the company. The section also requires the FDA to publish guidance within one year explaining how it makes these same-ingredient decisions.

     Who this affects

     Companies applying to make generic drugs and the FDA. Patients may be indirectly affected if the rules speed up or slow down generic drug approvals.

     Tradeoff

     Generic drug makers get clearer and more stable FDA answers, which could help them bring cheaper drugs to market faster, but the FDA has less flexibility to change its ingredient determinations once made.

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     the Secretary shall inform the person whether such drug is qualitatively and quantitatively the same as the listed drug... if the Secretary determines that such drug is not qualitatively or quantitatively the same as the listed drug, the Secretary shall identify and disclose to the person the ingredient or ingredients that cause such drug not to be qualitatively or quantitatively the same as the listed drug